[Annotated] Donald Trump is remodeling the right

The Gipper would turn in his grave^[각주:1]

"Conservatism can and does mean different things to those who call themselves conservatives," said Ronald Reagan soothingly^[각주:2], in an address to the Conservative Political Action Conference in 1977. He referred to social conservatism and economic conservatism, tendrils^[각주:3] that then seemed disparate^[각주:4], but which he, speaking shortly after Jimmy Carter's inauguration, would soon unite. "What I envision^[각주:5] is not simple a melding together of^[각주:6] the two branches of American conservatism into a temporary uneasy^[각주:7] alliance," he said. "But the creation of a new, lasting majority."

It was tempting to wonder whether the speech Donald Trump delivered on February 24th to CPAC, an annual gathering for conservatives held on a Maryland bank of the Potomac river, signaled^[각주:8] the end of that Reaganite consensus^[각주:9].

Mr Trump, who had been explicitly^[각주:10] compared to Reagan by his loyal deputy^[각주:11], Mike Pence, the previous day, did sound a few familiar notes. "It's time for all Americans to get off welfare and get back to work," he said, adding, "You're going to love it, you're going to love it, you're going to love it." Also like Reagan, he extolled^[각주:12] the need for strong armed forces: "Nobody's going to mess with^[각주:13] us folks. Nobody. It will be one of the greatest military build-ups^[각주:14] in American history.

Otherwise, Mr Trump veered^[각주:15] so wildly from Reaganite principles it was interesting to wonder what his audience of conservative lobbyists^[각주:16], commentators^[각주:17] and activists thought they were cheering for^[각주:18]. Reagan, in what would be remembered as a great and prescient^[각주:19] speech, lauded^[각주:20] the free market, "the best mechanism ever devised by^[각주:21] the mind if man to meet material needs^[각주:22]". In Mr Trump's nationalist vision, markets cannot be trusted with American interests. "If they want a pipeline in the United States, they're going to use pipe that's made in the United State," he said, referring to a protectionist clause^[각주:23] he has inserted into a decree^[각주:24] to unlock^[각주:25] a proposed oil and gas pipeline. "Our country is being absolutely devastated by trade deals ... So actually I like Bernie," he said, claiming kinship with^[각주:26] a fellow protectionist, Bernie Sanders, the only self-declared^[각주:27] socialist in the Senate. 

A greater contrast was between the moral vision that informed Reagan's love of liberty with Mr Trump's moral vacuity^[각주:28]. "When a conservative says that totalitarian communism is an absolute enemy of human freedom he is not theorizing^[각주:29] - he is reporting the ugly reality captured so unforgettably^[각주:30] in the writings of Alexander Solzhenitsyn," said Reagan. For Mr Trump, the only ugly reality is the possibility of not being number one. "The core conviction^[각주:31] of our movement is that we are a nation that will put its own citizens first," he thundered^[각주:32]. 

Convinced of the moral force^[각주:33] of his concerns for national security and, if they could only be roused^[각주:34], of the instincts of ordinary Americans, Reagan issued a stern warning^[각주:35] against apathy^[각주:36]: "Let us reverse the trend of public indifference^[각주:37] to problems of national security." Mr Trump, an opportunist^[각주:38], not an awakener^[각주:39], by contrast aimed to whip up the right's already wildly exaggerated fear of terrorism. "I have a friend, he's a very substantial^[각주:40] guy, he loves the city of lights - he loves Paris," said the president, who also said journalists should never use unnamed sources^[각주:41]. "Now he doesn't even think in terms of going there."

In tone^[각주:42] and substance^[각주:43], Mr Trump's speech was an affront to^[각주:44] much of what his party's most successful modern leader stood for^[각주:45]. And yet the cheers^[각주:46] loyally^[각주:47] came. "Lock her up!" the CPAC attendees^[각주:48] jeered^[각주:49], reprising^[각주:50] one of Mr Trump's campaign chants^[각주:51], after he referred to his defeated rival, Hillary Clinton. "Build a wall!" they hollered^[각주:52], though, only minutes before, the same conservative crowd had applauded^[각주:53] a panel discussion on^[각주:54] the evils of eminent domain^[각주:55], which Mr Trump has used liberally^[각주:56] in his building career, and would have to rely on heavily^[각주:57] to build his promised border barricade. 

The erosion of^[각주:58] traditional conservative principles pre-dates^[각주:59] Mr Trump's emergence^[각주:60], of course - as Reagan's speech also illustrates^[각주:61]. It was an argument for small and local government; but not to the exclusion of^[각주:62] the strong national institutions a well-governed country needs. "Those concerns of a national character - such as air and water pollution that do not respect state boundaries ... must, of course, be handled on the national level," Reagan said. He also decried^[각주:63] "the trend of deteriorating faith in^[각주:64] and continuing abuse of our national intelligence agencies^[각주:65]." Compare that to Mr Trump's forthcoming^[각주:66] attack on the Environmental Protection Agency and repeated assault on^[각주:67] the nation's spies. Both are consistent with^[각주:68] the destructive^[각주:69] anti-government view popular on the right, which was parroted by^[각주:70] most of Mr Trump's fellow CPAC speakers. 

Reagan also stressed the importance of dialogue with political opponents. "If we truly believe in our principles, we should sit down and talk," he said. "Conservatism is not a narrow ideology, nor is it the exclusive property of^[각주:71] conservative activists." Compare that to the foam-flecked^[각주:72] denunciations^[각주:73] of liberals, journalists and anyone in favor of gun controls that almost all the CPAC speakers dusted off^[각주:74] to whip up applause^[각주:75]. If conservatism has succumbed to Trumpism, partisanship^[각주:76] was the enabler^[각주:77]: against a mortal enemy, who cares about ideological purity^[각주:78]? 

Even so, it is unclear how complete the CPAC world's embrace of^[각주:79] Trumpism really is. The conference gave great prominence^[각주:80] to the president's populist guru^[각주:81], Stephen Bannon, and to the right-wing nationalist media outlet^[각주:82], Breitbart News, he formerly^[각주:83] ran. Neither of them used to be welcome at^[각주:84] CPAC; in 2013 and 2014, Mr Bannon organized a parallel event^[각주:85], called "The Uninvited", to which he invited speakers who shared his suspicion of Muslims and antipathy to^[각주:86] immigration. This time around, Breitbart had a prominent^[각주:87] pitch^[각주:88] outside the main auditorium, and Mr Bannon was one of CPAC's most talked-about^[각주:89] speakers.

The Republican congressmen^[각주:90] who tend to be staple^[각주:91] fare^[각주:92] on the CPAC stage mainly stayed away^[각주:93], however; only one United States senator, Ted Cruz, spoke at the conference. Republican leaders are largely acquiescent to^[각주:94] Mr Trump's conservative heresies^[각주:95]. Not many have embraced them. Yet if he remains^[각주:96] his party's champion and election-winner, the president's reception^[각주:97] at CPAC suggests, they surely^[각주:98] will.

1. turn in one's grave ; 무덤 속에서도 한탄[통곡]할 [본문으로]
2. soothingly ; [부사] 달래며, 진정시켜. [본문으로]
3. tendril ; 2. (문예체) 덩굴 모양의 것(머리카락 등) [본문으로]
4. disparate ; 2. (두 개 이상의 것들이) 서로 전혀 다른, 이질적인 [본문으로]
5. envision ; [동사] (특히 앞으로 바라는 일을) 마음속에 그리다[상상하다] [본문으로]
6. meld ; [자,타동사][V, VN] (격식) 섞이다, 혼합되다; 섞다, 혼합하다 [본문으로]
7. uneasy ; 1. ~ (about sth/about doing sth) (마음이) 불안한, 우려되는 [본문으로]
8. signal ; 3. (감정・의견을 간접적으로) 표시하다[표하다] [본문으로]
9. consensus ; [sing., U] ~ (among sb) | ~ (about sth) | ~ (that…) 의견 일치, 합의 [본문으로]
10. explicitly ; [부사] 명쾌하게 [본문으로]
11. deputy ; 1. (한 조직의 장(長) 바로 다음 가는 직급인) 부-[-보/대행[대리](인)] [본문으로]
12. extol ; [타동사][VN] (-ll-) ~ sb/sth (as sth) (격식) 극찬[격찬]하다 [본문으로]
13. mess with ; (보통 부정문에 쓰여) (해로울지도 모르는) ~와 관계를 맺다[~에 얽혀 들다], …을 방해하다. [본문으로]
14. build-up ; 1. [sing., U] (어느 정도의 기간에 걸친) 증가 [본문으로]
15. veer ; 2. (대화・행동 또는 사고방식이) <진행되면서 차츰 그 방향・성격이 달라짐을 나타냄> [본문으로]
16. lobbyist ; [명사] [미] 의안 통과[부결] 운동자, 진정자, 로비스트; [영] 정치 기자(lobby correspondent) [본문으로]
17. commentator ; [명사] (신문・방송의) 해설자 [본문으로]
18. cheer for ; 응원하다 [본문으로]
19. prescient ; [형용사] (격식) 선견지명[예지력]이 있는 [본문으로]
20. laud ; [타동사][VN] (격식) 칭찬하다 [본문으로]
21. devise ; [타동사][VN] 창안[고안]하다 [본문으로]
22. material needs ; 물질적 욕구. [본문으로]
23. clause ; 2. (법적 서류의) 조항, 조목 [본문으로]
24. decree ; 1. [C , U] 법령, 칙령 [본문으로]
25. unlock ; 2. (비밀 등을) 드러내다 [본문으로]
26. kinship ; 2. [U , sing.] 연대감, 동류의식 [본문으로]
27. self-declared ; [ADJ] Self-declared means the same as self-proclaimed. ;; [형용사] (흔히 못마땅함) (다른 사람들의 동의・허락 없이) 자기 혼자 주장하는, 자칭의 [본문으로]
28. vacuity ; [U] (격식) 멍함, 멍청함 [본문으로]
29. theorize ; ~ (about/on sth) 이론을 제시하다[세우다] [본문으로]
30. unforgettably ; [부사] 잊을 수 없게. [본문으로]
31. conviction ; 2. [C , U] ~ (that…) (강한) 신념[의견] [본문으로]
32. thunder ; 5. (문예체) (화가 나서 큰 소리로) 고함치다[불평하다] [본문으로]
33. moral force ; 도덕적인 힘 [본문으로]
34. rouse ; 3. [타동사][VN] (격식) (어떤 감정을) 불러일으키다[자아내다] [본문으로]
35. stern warning ; 엄중한 경고 [본문으로]
36. apathy ; [명사] 무관심 [본문으로]
37. indifference ; [명사] ~ (to sb/sth) 무관심, 무심 [본문으로]
38. opportunist ; [형용사] (주로 명사 앞에 씀) (또한 op・por・tun・is・tic) (흔히 못마땅함) 기회주의적인; 우발적인 ;; [명사] 기회주의자 [본문으로]
39. awakener ; [명사] 깨우는 자; 자각시키는 자. [본문으로]
40. substantial ; 1. (양・가치・중요성이) 상당한 [본문으로]
41. unmanned ; [형용사] (기계・차량 등이) 무인의 [본문으로]
42. in tone ; 어조 [본문으로]
43. in substance ; 사실상, 본질적으로, 실질적으로 [본문으로]
44. affront ; [주로 단수로] ~ (to sb/sth) 모욕, (마음의) 상처 [본문으로]
45. stand for ; 2. ~을 지지[옹호]하다 [본문으로]
46. cheer ; 1. [C] 환호(성), 응원의 함성 [본문으로]
47. loyally ; [부사] 충성스럽게 [본문으로]
48. attendee ; [명사] 참석자 [본문으로]
49. jeer ; ~ (at sb) 야유[조롱]하다 [본문으로]
50. reprise ; [VERB] to repeat (something, such as a performance of a piece of music) [본문으로]
51. chant ; [명사] (연이어 외치는) 구호 [본문으로]
52. holler ; (비격식 특히 美) 소리지르다, 고함치다 [본문으로]
53. applaud ; 2. [타동사][VN] ~ sb/sth (for sth) (격식) 갈채를 보내다 [본문으로]
54. panel discussion ; 공개 토론회 ((여러 대표자가 청중 앞에서 행하는 토론회))(cf. SYMPOSIUM) [본문으로]
55. eminent domain ; [명사] (美 법률) 수용권(정부가 공공의 사용을 위하여 보상을 대가로 사유 재산을 수용하는 권리) [본문으로]
56. liberally ; [부사] 자유로이; 후하게; 관대히; 개방적으로; 편견 없이 [본문으로]
57. heavily ; [부사] (양・정도가) 심하게[아주 많이] [본문으로]
58. erosion ; 1. 부식; 침식 [본문으로]
59. pre-date ; [동사] (과거에 있었던 다른 것보다) 먼저 지어지다[형성되다/발생하다] [본문으로]
60. emergence ; [명사] 출현, 발생 ((of, from)) [본문으로]
61. illustrate ; 3. 실증하다, 실지로 보여주다 [본문으로]
62. exclusion ; 1. [U] ~ (of sb/sth) (from sth) 제외, 배제; 차단 [본문으로]
63. decry ; (de・cries , de・cry・ing , de・cried , de・cried) ~ sb/sth (as sth) (격식) 매도하다 [본문으로]
64. deteriorating ; 악화중인, 악화되어가고 있는 [본문으로]
65. national intelligence agency ; 국가정보원 [본문으로]
66. forthcoming ; [형용사] (명사 앞에만 씀) 다가오는, 곧 있을 [본문으로]
67. assault ; 4. [C] ~ (on/upon/against sb/sth) 맹비난, 맹공격 [본문으로]
68. be consistent with ; 일치하다, 조화를 이루다, 맞다, 일관되다 [본문으로]
69. destructive ; 파괴적인 [본문으로]
70. parrot ; [타동사][VN] (못마땅함) (의미는 생각하지도 않고) 앵무새처럼 흉내내다 [본문으로]
71. exclusive property ; 독점물, 전유물 [본문으로]
72. foam-flecked ; 거품 투성이의 [본문으로]
73. denunciation ; [C , U] ~ (of sb/sth) (공개적으로 하는) 맹렬한 비난 [본문으로]
74. dust off ; (다시 쓰기 위해) 방치했던 물건을 오랜만에 꺼내다; (야구 투수가) 빈볼을 던지다; 때려 눕히다. [본문으로]
75. whip up ; (고의적으로) ~을 자극하다[흥분시키다] [본문으로]
76. partisanship ; [명사] [U] 당파심, 당파 근성; (맹목적) 가담 [본문으로]
77. enabler ; [명사] 남을 도와주고 있다고 본인은 생각하고 있지만 실제로는 남을 망치고 있는 사람, 조력자 [본문으로]
78. purity ; [명사] 순수성; 순도 [본문으로]
79. embrace of ; 사전에는 embrace 명사는 없지만 흔히 embrace도 명사로 활용 되는 것을 확인 [본문으로]
80. prominence ; [명사] 중요성; 명성, 유명함; 현저함 [본문으로]
81. guru ; 2. (비격식) 전문가, 권위자 [본문으로]
82. media outlet ; [명사] (신문,방송 따위의) 매스컴 [본문으로]
83. formerly ; [부사] 이전에, 예전에 [본문으로]
84. welcome ; [형용사] 2. (사람들이) 환영받는 [본문으로]
85. parallel ; 2. (둘 이상의 일이) 아주 유사한[병행하는] [본문으로]
86. antipathy ; [명사] pl. -ies ~ (between A and B) | ~ (to/toward(s) sb/sth) (주로 단수로 격식) (강한) 반감 [본문으로]
87. prominent ; 1. 중요한; 유명한 [본문으로]
88. pitch ; 4. TO SELL STH | [C] [주로 단수로] (물건을 팔거나 사람을 설득하기 위해 하는) 권유[주장], 홍보 [본문으로]
89. talked-about ; that many people talked about [본문으로]
90. congressman ; 명사] (pl. -men[-mən, -mèn]) [종종 C~] [미] 국회의원, ((특히)) 하원 의원 [본문으로]
91. staple ; [명사 앞에만 씀] 주된, 주요한 [본문으로]
92. fare ; 2. [C] (택시) 승객 [본문으로]
93. stay away ; [동사] 떨어져 있다, 거리를 두다; 결석하다, 참가하지 않다; 비우다. [본문으로]
94. acquiescent ; [형용사] 잠자코 동의하는, 묵종하는, 묵인하는 [본문으로]
95. heresy ; 2. (정통적이거나 일반적이 아닌) 이단[이설] [본문으로]
96. remain ; 1. 계속[여전히] …이다 [본문으로]
97. reception ; 5. [U] (사람을) 맞이함[받아들임] [본문으로]
98. surely ; 3. (격식) 의심의 여지없이, 틀림없이 [본문으로]