티스토리 뷰
[Annotated] How astronomers identified the first visitor from another solar system
af334 2017. 11. 4. 10:20On October 19th Rob Weryk of the University of Hawaii saw something rather strange. In pictures produced by Pan-STRRS 1, a telescope on Haleakala, he identified an unusually fast-moving, faint object that 1 2he concluded could not have originated in 3Earth's solar system 4. It was travelling at more than 25km per second 5. That is too fast for it to have a closed, elliptical orbit around 6 7the Sun. Nor could its velocity have been the result of 8the extra gravitational kick provided by 9an encounter with 10a planet, since it arrived from well above the ecliptic plane near which 11 12 all the Sun's planets orbit. Indeed, after swinging around the Sun, it passed about 25m km 13 below Earth, before speeding back above the ecliptic plane. Observations from other telescopes have now confirmed that 14Dr Weryk's object is the first extrasolar object to be spied by 15 16astronomers.
The object was originally classified as a comet 17 and thus named 18C/2017 U1 (the "C" stands for comet). But it lacked the tail of gas and dust produced when these icy rocks fly close to the Sun. Furthermore 19, an analysis of 20the sunlight it reflected suggested that the surface is mostly rock. So it has now been classified as an asteroid 21, A/2017 U1, which, judging from its brightness 22 23, is about 400 meters wide. This is puzzling 24. Comets are formed on the cold periphery of distant solar systems 25. Asteroids reside within 26such systems' interiors, where any comet-like volatiles will have been driven off by 27 the heat of 28their parent stars 29. Models of planet formation 30suggest that interstellar object 31such as A/2017 U1 are more usually comets, as they can be more easily dislodged from their orbits than 32asteroids.
One explanation is that over many millennia cosmic rays 33 have transformed 34the icy, volatile chemicals that 35would be expected to stream off 36 a comet into 37more stable compounds 38. Another is that the Sun is not the first star A/2017 U1 has chanced upon 39, and its volatile materials were boiled off by 40previous stellar encounters 41. Or it could indeed be that the object was rocky to begin with 42 43- perhaps once orbiting its parent star in an equivalent of 44our solar system's asteroid belt 45, before its ejection by 46an encounter with a Jupiter-like planet.
Why, then, has nothing like 47A/2017 U1 been seen before? Those planet-formation theories 48suggest such objects should be a reasonably common sight 49. Perhaps the theories are wrong. Or perhaps these interstellar visitors have been overlooked in the past 50 51, and A/2017 U1 will now inspire a spate of such sightings 52 in future 53 54. Sadly for astronomers, A/2017 U1 may not be visible long enough for these questions to be resolved decisively 55 56. It is now charging out of 57the solar system towards the constellation of Pegasus 58- at 44km per second. Small uncertainties in 59the calculation of its trajectory may mean that 60where exactly it came from and where it is heading will remain a mystery 61.
- fast-moving ; [형용사] 고속의; <연극·소설 등이> 전개가 빠른 [본문으로]
- faint ; (faint・er , faint・est), (참고: damn v.) 1. (빛・소리・냄새 등이) 희미한[약한] [본문으로]
- originate in ; …에서 비롯하다. [본문으로]
- solar system ; 1. [sing.] the solar system 태양계 2. [C] (천체의) 위성들 [본문으로]
- per second ; 초당 [본문으로]
- elliptical ; 2. (드물게 el・lip・tic / ɪ|lɪptɪk /) (또한 기하) 타원형의 ;; 미국∙영국 [ɪ|lɪptɪkl] [본문으로]
- orbit ; 1. [C , U] 궤도 [본문으로]
- velocity ; (pl. -ies), [U , C] 1. (전문 용어) 속도 ;; 2. (격식) 빠른 속도 [본문으로]
- gravitational ; [형용사] 중력의 [본문으로]
- an encounter with ; …와의 우연한 만남. [본문으로]
- well above ; 아주 위에 [본문으로]
- ecliptic plane ; [명사] (지리학, 천문학) 황도면(黃道面) ;; 지구가 태양주위를 공전할 때 지나는 길을 연결한 평면. ;; 참고 ; plane of ecliptic [본문으로]
- million km [본문으로]
- confirm ; 1. (특히 증거를 들어) 사실임을 보여주다[확인해 주다] [본문으로]
- extrasolar ; [형용사] 태양계 밖의 [본문으로]
- spy ; 2. [타동사][VN] (문예체 또는 격식) (갑자기) 보다[알아채다] [본문으로]
- be classified as ; ...로서 분류된다. [본문으로]
- comet ; [명사] 혜성 ;; 미국식 [|kɑ:mət] 영국식 [|kɒmɪt] ;; 태양에 접근하면서 부분적으로 증발하는 조그만 얼음으로 뒤덮인 물체. 가스와 먼지로 이루어진 단단한 코어와 꼬리 및 머리로 구성되어 있다. [본문으로]
- furthermore ; [부사] (격식) 뿐만 아니라, 더욱이 [본문으로]
- analysis ; (pl. an・aly・ses / -siːz /) 1. [U , C] 분석 연구 [본문으로]
- asteroid ; [명사] 소행성 ;; 미국·영국 [|ӕstərɔɪd] [본문으로]
- judging from[by] ; …으로 판단하건대[미루어 보아] [본문으로]
- brightness ; [U] 1. 빛남, 밝음; 광휘; 휘도 ;; 2. 선명함 ;; 3. 현명, 총명 ;; 4. 쾌활 [본문으로]
- puzzling ; [형용사] 곤혹하게 하는, 헷갈리게 하는, 영문 모를 [본문으로]
- periphery ; (pl. -ies), [주로 단수로], (격식) 1. (어떤 범위의) 주변 ;; 미국∙영국 [pə|rɪfəri] [본문으로]
- reside ; [자동사][V + adv. / prep.] (격식) (특정한 곳에) 살다[거주하다] ;; 흐름상 "존재하다, 머문다, 포함되어 있다" 정도의 맥락에서는 reside 를 사용해도 무방함을 확인 [본문으로]
- volatile ; [noun] a volatile substance, as a gas or solvent. [본문으로]
- drive sth/sb off ; 1.to force somebody/something to move away from a particular place [본문으로]
- parent star ; 모체 항성 [본문으로]
- planet formation ; 행성 형성 [본문으로]
- interstellar ; [형용사] (명사 앞에만 씀) 항성 간의, 성간 ;; 참고 ; stellar [본문으로]
- dislodge ; 1. ~ sth (from sth) (억지로 치거나 해서) 제자리를 벗어나게 만들다 [본문으로]
- millennium ; (pl. mil・len・nia / -niə / 또는 mil・len・niums) 1. (특히 예수 탄생을 기준으로 그 전후의) 천년 ;; 2. the millennium 새로운 천년이 시작되는 시기 [본문으로]
- cosmic rays ; [pl.] 우주선(외계에서 지구로 와 닿는 광선들) [본문으로]
- volatile ; 3. (전문 용어) (물질이) 휘발성의 [본문으로]
- stream ; 3. [자동사][V] (특히 바람・물 속에서) 이리저리 흔들리다, 나부끼다 [본문으로]
- transform A into B ; A를 B로 바꾸다, 변형시키다 [본문으로]
- compound ; 2. (화학) (화학적) 화합물 ;; 참고 ; element, mixture [본문으로]
- chance upon[on] ; 우연히 …을 발견하다(=find by chance). [본문으로]
- boil off[out] ; 1. 증발하다; …을 증발시키다 [본문으로]
- stellar encounter ; [명사] (천문학) 항성 조우(恒星遭遇) [본문으로]
- rocky ; [형용사] (rock·i·er; -i·est) 불안정한, 흔들흔들하는(shaky); 불안한, 불확실한; [속어] (지쳐서) 휘청휘청하는, 현기증 나는; [미·속어] 술 취한; 록 음악의, 록스러운 ;; 2. 고난이 많은, 험난한 [본문으로]
- begin with[at, by, on] ; …부터 시작하다, [본문으로]
- equivalent ; ~ (of/to sth) (…에) 상당[대응]하는 것, 등가물 ;; in an equivalent of ; ~와 동일한, ~와 같은 [본문으로]
- asteroid belt ; (천문) 소행성대(帶) [본문으로]
- ejection ; [U] 1. 방출(放出), 분출, 배출; [UC] 방출물, 분출물 [본문으로]
- nothing like ; 전혀 …같지 않은 [본문으로]
- planet formation theory ; 행성 형성 이론 [본문으로]
- be a very common sight ; 흔히 볼 수 있는 것이다. [본문으로]
- overlook ; [vn] 1. 못 보고 넘어가다, 간과하다 [본문으로]
- in the past ; (《과거형과 함께》) 옛날, 이전에, 과거에; 《완료형과 함께》 종래, 지금까지 [본문으로]
- a spate of ; ~의 빈발, 잇따른~의 발생 [본문으로]
- sighting ; [명사] 목격(특히 특이한 것・잠깐밖에 볼 수 없는 것에 대해 씀) [본문으로]
- in future ; 앞으로는 [본문으로]
- resolve ; (격식) 1. [타동사][VN] (문제 등을) 해결하다 [본문으로]
- decisively ; 깨끗히, 결연히, 결정적으로 [본문으로]
- charge out of ; …에서 뛰어나오다. [본문으로]
- Pegasus ; 1. [그리스신화] 페가수스 ((시신(詩神) 뮤즈가 타는, 날개 달린 말)); (문장(紋章)의) 날개 돋친 천마(天馬) 2. (천문) 페가수스자리 3. [U] 시재(詩才), 시적 감흥 4. (미 우주) 페가수스 ((유성진(流星塵) 관측용 과학 위성)) ;; 미국∙영국 [péɡəsəs] [본문으로]
- uncertainty ; (pl. -ies) 2. [C] 불확실한 것; 불확실한 상황 [본문으로]
- trajectory ; [명사] pl. -ies (전문 용어) 탄도, 궤적, 궤도 ;; 미국·영국 [trə|dƷektəri] [본문으로]
- remain a mystery ; 수수께끼로 남아 있다 [본문으로]
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