[Annnotated] Michael Flynn pleads guilty to lying to the FBI over Russia contacts

And he says he is co-operating with^[각주:1] investigators

Last week reports emerged that^[각주:2] lawyers for Michael Flynn, Donald Trump's former national-security advisor, had stopped speaking to^[각주:3] Mr Trump's legal team^[각주:4] - hinting that^[각주:5] Mr Flynn was negotiating a deal with Robert Mueller's team of special prosecutors^[각주:6]. On the morning of December 1st the other shoe dropped^[각주:7]: in a federal court in^[각주:8] Washington, DC Mr Flynn pleaded guilty to^[각주:9] one count of^[각주:10] making false statements to^[각주:11] FBI agents; the crime carries^[각주:12] a maximum penalty of^[각주:13] five years imprisonment^[각주:14]. He was, he said, co-operating with the investigation, a decision he had taken, "in the best interests of my family and of our country."

Mr Flynn lasted just 24 days as national-security advisor; he resigned after admitting that he lied to White House officials about conversations with Russia's ambassador. He joined Mr Trump's campaign early, enthusiastically^[각주:15] leading crowds to chant^[각주:16] "Lock her up!" (referring to his opponent^[각주:17], Hillary Clinton) on the campaign trail^[각주:18], even as he was engaging in lobbying work for^[각주:19] Turkish interests, apparently without the White House's knowledge^[각주:20].

Mr Flynn amassed^[각주:21] a stellar reputation as^[각주:22] an intelligence agent, when he had a defined mission to^[각주:23] carry out. As head of the Defence intelligence Agency, a position to which Barack Obama appointed him in^[각주:24] 2012 and from which he was fired in 2014, he was reportedly^[각주:25] abusive^[각주:26], erratic^[각주:27] and prone to^[각주:28] say things that were not true (his staff called them "Flynn facts").

Mr Flynn also received $65,000 from three Russian firms, including RT, a television network, in connection with^[각주:29] a speech-making trip^[각주:30] he took to Moscow in 2015. He failed to disclose^[각주:31] the trip or income on his security-clearance forms^[각주:32]; the payment also violated rules against retired military personnel^[각주:33] receiving money from foreign governments^[각주:34] without permission.

He is the fourth - and most senior - figure from the Trump campaign to be charged. George Papadopoulos, a foreign-policy advisor to^[각주:35] the campaign, pleaded guilty to the same charge Mr Flynn faces, while Paul Manafort and Rick Gates, Mr Trump's former campaign manager and his business associate^[각주:36], remain under house arrest^[각주:37], charged with money laundering^[각주:38] and failing to register as^[각주:39] foreign agents^[각주:40]. 

But unlike Messrs Manafort and Gates, who were charged with crimes^[각주:41] predating^[각주:42] their involvement with^[각주:43] the campaign, Mr Flynn committed the crime to which he pleaded guilty while working in the White House. On January 24th, just four days after Mr Trump took office^[각주:44], Mr Flynn told investigators that he did not ask Russia's ambassador, one month earlier, to refrain from^[각주:45] responding to recently imposed sanctions. In fact, he had called the ambassador in December after talking with unnamed^[각주:46] "Presidential transition team officials^[각주:47]" - before Mr Trump became president. He also lied about discussing a United Nations vote with the ambassador. Mr Flynn shared with Mr Trump an obsession with^[각주:48] Islam, with which he seemed to believe America is locked in^[각주:49] a massive civilizational conflict. This drew him to Mr Trump's campaign, and afterward to^[각주:50] Russia, which he saw as an ally in that fight. But Mr Trump was not yet in office when Mr Flynn had these conversations; he was, in effect^[각주:51], undermining^[각주:52] his own government's foreign policy^[각주:53], which the Logan Act^[각주:54] forbids^[각주:55]. 

Mr Mueller's team reportedly^[각주:56] had been looking into^[각주:57] a variety of allegations^[각주:58] surrounding^[각주:59] Mr Flynn, including failing to register as a foreign agent and a supposed^[각주:60] plot to^[각주:61] forcibly remove^[각주:62] a Turkish national living in^[각주:63] Pennsylvania and send him back to Turkey. The single-count perjury^[각주:64] indictment^[각주:65], a much lighter charge than Mr Flynn might have expected, seems to suggest that he has agreed to provide information to Mr Mueller.

That should make Mr Trump nervous. Yesterday, the New York Times reported that Mr Trump had been trying to get Republican senators^[각주:66] to end the Senate Intelligence Committee's^[각주:67] investigation into alleged^[각주:68] Russian meddling in^[각주:69] the 2016 election. And earlier this year Mr Trump fired James Comey as FBI director after trying to pressure him to^[각주:70] "let go" of^[각주:71] his investigation into Mr Flynn. Now Mr Flynn, whom Mr Trump repeatedly defended, is a felon^[각주:72], and the investigation - far from being wound down by^[각주:73] year's end^[각주:74], as Mr Trump hoped - looks set to continue^[각주:75]. 

The single-count plea^[각주:76] presumably^[각주:77] leaves Mr Mueller with ample leverage^[각주:78] if Mr Flynn's co-operation stalls^[각주:79]: he can always bring more charges^[각주:80], perhaps in concert with^[각주:81] a state attorney-general^[각주:82], which would put Mr Flynn beyond Mr Trump's pardon power^[각주:83] (the president can only pardon federal crimes^[각주:84]). Brian Ross, a reporter with ABC news, reported that Mr Flynn is prepared "to testify against^[각주:85] President Trump, against members of the Trump family and others in the White House" that then-candidate Trump "ordered him to make contact with^[각주:86] the Russians" - contradicting^[각주:87] the president's longstanding claims^[각주:88].

1. cooperate with ; ~에 협조, 협력 하다 [본문으로]
2. emerge ; 3. (문제·곤란 따위가) 생기다; (사실 따위가) 분명해지다. ;; that 절이 따라 붙을 수 있는것을 확인 [본문으로]
3. speak to sb (about sth) ; (비격식) (잘못을 바로잡거나 무엇을 못 하게 하기 위해) ~와 (~에 대해) 이야기를 하다 [본문으로]
4. legal team ; [명사] 법률팀 [본문으로]
5. hint ; [동사] ~ (at sth) 넌지시 알려주다, 암시[힌트]를 주다 [본문으로]
6. special prosecutor ; 특별 검사 [본문으로]
7. drop the other shoe ; (주로 좋지 않은 일의) 끝마무리를 하다 [본문으로]
8. federal court ; 연방 법원, 연방 재판소 [본문으로]
9. plead guilty to (a charge) ; ~의 죄를 인정하다 [본문으로]
10. count ; 3. [법] (기소장의) 소인(訴因); (고려 중인 사항의) 문제점, 논점 [본문으로]
11. make a false statement[representation] ; 허위 진술을 하다 [본문으로]
12. carry ; 9. HAVE AS QUALITY/FEATURE | [타동사][VN] (어떤 결과가) 수반되다[따르다] [본문으로]
13. a maximum penalty ; 최고형 [본문으로]
14. imprisonment ; 1. 투옥, 구금, 금고; [법] 자유형(自由刑) ;; 2. 강제적 구속, 감금, 유폐 [본문으로]
15. enthusiastically ; [부사] 열광적으로(ardently), 열중하여, 매우 열심히 [본문으로]
16. chant ; 1. 구호[성가]를 (거듭) 외치다[부르다], 연호하다 [본문으로]
17. opponent ; 1. (게임・대회・논쟁 등의) 상대 ;; 미국식 [ə|poʊnənt] 영국식 [ə|pəʊnənt] [본문으로]
18. trail ; 4. (특정 목적을 위해 따라 가는) 루트[코스] [본문으로]
19. lobbying ; [명사] 로비 활동, 의안 통과[저지] 활동(운동); 청원[진정] 운동; 원외 활동. ;; 동의어 ; lobbyism. [본문으로]
20. knowledge ; 2. [U] (특정 사실・상황에 대해) 알고 있음 [본문으로]
21. amass ; [타동사][VN] 모으다, 축적하다 [본문으로]
22. stellar ; [주로 명사 앞에 씀] 2. (비격식) 뛰어난 ;;미국∙영국 [|stelə(r)] [본문으로]
23. define ; 2. 규정하다, 분명히 밝히다 [본문으로]
24. appoint ; 1. ~ sb (to sth) | ~ sb (as) sth 임명[지명]하다 [본문으로]
25. reportedly ; [부사] 전하는 바에 따르면, 소문에 의하면 [본문으로]
26. abusive ; 1. (말・사람이) 모욕적인; 욕하는 ;; 2. (행동이) 폭력적인, 학대하는 [본문으로]
27. erratic ; [형용사] (흔히 못마땅함) 불규칙한, 일정치 않은, 변덕스러운 ;; 미국∙영국 [ɪ|rӕtɪk] [본문으로]
28. prone to ; …을 잘 하는, …의 경향이 있는. [본문으로]
29. in connection with ; ~와 관련되어 ;; in conjunction with, in relation to, in[with] reference to [본문으로]
30. speechmaking ; [명사] 연설하기, 강연하기. ;; [형용사] 연설을 하는. [본문으로]
31. disclose ; 1. ~ sth (to sb) (특히 비밀이던 것을) 밝히다[폭로하다] [본문으로]
32. security clearance ; 비밀 정보 사용 허가, 기밀 정보의 취급 허가(공무원을 채용할 때, 국가 기밀 등을 맡겨도 좋다는 인물 증명). [본문으로]
33. personnel ; [U]《집합적; 복수취급》 2. [복수취급] 사람들(persons). [본문으로]
34. foreign government ; (법률) 외국정부 [본문으로]
35. foreign policy advisor ; 외교정책 보좌관, 고문 [본문으로]
36. business associate ; [명사] 사업 동료, 동업자 [본문으로]
37. house arrest ; [U] 가택 연금 [본문으로]
38. money laundering ; 돈[자금] 세탁(money washing) [본문으로]
39. register ; 2. GIVE OPINION PUBLICLY | [타동사][VN] (격식) (견해를) 표명하다 [본문으로]
40. foreign agent ; A foreign agent is anyone who actively carries out the interests of a foreign country while located in another host country, generally outside the protections offered to those working in their official capacity for a diplomatic mission. Foreign agents may be citizens of the host country. The term has broad application, and is also used (interchanged with "Foreign Object/Body") medically and scientifically to refer to viruses, tumours, objects and parasites within a host organism. In contemporary English, the term has a generally pejorative connotation. [본문으로]
41. be charged with ; 3. …의 혐의를 받다 [본문으로]
42. predate ; (predated ; -dating) 1. 실제보다 날짜를 앞당기다(antedate)(opp. postdate). ;; 2. (시간적으로) 선행하다. [본문으로]
43. involvement ; 1. [U] ~ (in/with sth) 관련, 관여, 개입, 연루 [본문으로]
44. take office ; 취임하다 ;; enter (upon) office, come into office [본문으로]
45. refrain from ; ~을 삼가다 [본문으로]
46. unnamed ; [형용사] 이름이 밝혀지지 않은, 익명의 [본문으로]
47. transition team ; 인수위원회 [본문으로]
48. an obsession with ; 2. 망상, 강박 관념 [본문으로]
49. be locked in ; …에 갇혀 있다; …에 열중[몰두]해 있다 [본문으로]
50. afterward ; [부사] 후에, 나중에(later); 그 후에 [본문으로]
51. in effect ; 1. 사실상[실제로는] [본문으로]
52. undermine ; 4. <명성 등을> 몰래 손상시키다, 음흉한 수단으로 훼손하다 [본문으로]
53. foreign policy ; 외교 정책[방침] [본문으로]
54. the Logan Act ; The Logan Act (enacted January 30, 1799) is a United States federal law that details the fine and/or imprisonment of unauthorized citizens who negotiate with foreign governments having a dispute with the United States. It was intended to prevent the undermining of the government's position.[2] The Act was passed following George Logan's unauthorized negotiations with France in 1798, and was signed into law by President John Adams on January 30, 1799. The Act was last amended in 1994, and violation of the Logan Act is a felony. [본문으로]
55. forbid ; (for・bade / fə'bӕd ; fə'beId ; 美 fər'b- / for・bid・den / fə'bIdn ; 美 fər'b- /) 1. ~ sb (from doing sth) 금(지)하다 [본문으로]
56. reportedly ; [부사] 전하는 바에 따르면, 소문에 의하면 [본문으로]
57. look into ; [동사] 조사하다, …의 속을 들여다보다; 주의 깊게 살피다. ;; 동의어 ; investigate, explore, inquire into, examine. [본문으로]
58. allegation ; [명사] ~ (of sth) (against sb) | ~ (that…) | ~ (about sb/sth) (증거 없이 누가 부정한 일을 했다는) 혐의[주장] [본문으로]
59. allegation surrounding ; ~를 둘러싼 혐의 [본문으로]
60. supposed ; [형용사] [명사 앞에만 씀] 소위[이른바] …라는 [본문으로]
61. plot ; 2. [C] ~ (to do sth) 음모 [본문으로]
62. forcibly ; 1. 우격다짐으로, 힘[무력]으로, 불법으로, 강제적으로 [본문으로]
63. living ; 2. 생활 (방식), 생활 형편. ;; 3. (a living, one’s living) 생계, 생활 방편. [본문으로]
64. perjury ; [U] (법률) 위증죄 ;; 미국식 [|pɜ:rdƷəri] 영국식 [|pɜ:dƷəri] [본문으로]
65. indictment ; 1. [[U]] 기소 (절차), 고발 ;; 2. [[C]] (법) (대배심에 의한 정식의) 기소[고발](장), 공소(公訴) ;; 3. ((일반적으로)) 비난, 징벌, 제재 [본문으로]
66. senator ; [명사] Sen. 흔히 Senator 상원 의원 [본문으로]
67. the Senate Intelligence Committee ; 상원 정보위원회 [본문으로]
68. alleged ; 1. [A] (증거 없이) 주장된 [본문으로]
69. meddle in[with] ; [동사] …에 간섭하다, 참견하다. ;; 동의어 ; interfere; intrude. [본문으로]
70. pressure ; (pressured; -sur·ing) 1. …에게 (…하도록) 압력을 가하다, 강요하다[to do, into doing]; (압력을 가해) …을 얻다. [본문으로]
71. let go of ; [쥐고 있던 것]을 놓다; …에서 손을 놓다 [본문으로]
72. felon ; [명사] (특히 美 법률) 중죄인, 흉악범 [본문으로]
73. wind down ; 1. (사업·활동 등을) 서서히 줄이다(그래서 마침내 종료되게 한다는 뜻) [본문으로]
74. by year's end ; 연말까지 [본문으로]
75. set to ; (구식, 비격식) (열심히·결연한 태도로) 시작[착수]하다 [본문으로]
76. plea ; 2. (법률) (형사 사건 피고인[측]의) 답변[항변] [본문으로]
77. presumably ; [부사] 아마, 짐작건대 [본문으로]
78. ample ; (-pler; -plest) 1. (남을 정도로) 충분한(more than enough), 풍부한 [본문으로]
79. stall ; 2. [자동사][V] ~ (on/over sth) (시간을 벌려고 대답 등을) 피하다, 지연작전을 쓰다 [본문으로]
80. bring charges (against sb) ; ~를 기소하다, 고발하다, 고소하다 [본문으로]
81. in concert with ; (…와) 협력하여(=together). [본문으로]
82. state attorney general ; The state attorney general in each of the 50 U.S. states and territories is the chief legal advisor to the state government and the state's chief law enforcement officer. In some states, the attorney general serves as the head of a state department of justice, with responsibilities similar to those of the United States Department of Justice. [본문으로]
83. the pardon power ; 사면권 [본문으로]
84. pardon ; [진행형으로는 보통 쓰이지 않음], (참고: French n.) 1. [타동사][VN] (죄인에 대해) 사면하다 [본문으로]
85. testify against ; …에게 불리한 증언을 하다 [본문으로]
86. make contact with ; …와 연락이 되다[끊기다], 접촉하다[접촉이 끊기다]; …와 친해지다[멀어지다] [본문으로]
87. contradict ; 1. (어떤 사람의 말을) 부정[부인]하다, 반박하다 [본문으로]
88. longstanding ; [형용사] 오랫동안[여러 해]에 걸친, 다년간의. [본문으로]