[Annotated] The world reacts to Donald Trump's recognition of Jerusalem as Israel's capital

A campaign promise kept^[각주:1], a problem aggravated^[각주:2]

 

Even before Donald Trump issued his proclamation recognizing^[각주:3] Jerusalem as the capital of Israel, stiff opposition^[각주:4] was brewing^[각주:5]. Pope Francis and the Supreme Leader of Iran denounced^[각주:6] his plan to move America's embassy from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem. So did the UN Secretary-General^[각주:7], the prime minister of^[각주:8] Italy and a global chorus of^[각주:9] diplomats. If anything^[각주:10], opposition from such grandees^[각주:11] emboldened^[각주:12] Mr Trump. On December 6th he jettisoned^[각주:13] most of the conventional wisdom about^[각주:14] the Israeli-Palestinian peace process^[각주:15]. 

Without preconditions^[각주:16], Mr Trump recognized Jerusalem as the historic capital of the Jewish people, "established in ancient times^[각주:17]", and the seat of Israel's government^[각주:18]. In the first taste of a peace plan^[각주:19] he is expected to unveil^[각주:20] next year, he failed to mention Jewish settlements in^[각주:21] the West Bank or the Palestinians' claims to Jerusalem. It was, as he said, "very fresh thinking". The proclamation^[각주:22] delighted^[각주:23] Israel's prime minister, Binyamin Netanyahu, who hailed it as "a historic day" for which^[각주:24] Israel is "profoundly^[각주:25] grateful^[각주:26]".

Since David Ben Gurion moved his government to Jerusalem in 1949, Israel has been the only country with a capital that is not formally recognized by the rest of the world. The city is still considered by the UN a corpus separatum^[각주:27] - a separate entity under international jurisdiction^[각주:28]. On the ground this has never been the case. Until 1967, Jerusalem was split between Israel and Jordan, and since that year's six-day war^[각주:29], it has been solely^[각주:30] under Israeli control. But even Israel's closest allies have continued maintaining their embassies 40 miles (65km) to the west in Tel Aviv. 

Saeb Erekat, secretary-general of the Palestine Liberation Organization, and previously the Palestinians' chief negotiator with^[각주:31] Israel, said that Mr Trump had "disqualified his country from^[각주:32] any possible role in the peace process". But Mr Trump insisted that he still intends to honor his earlier promise to achieve the "ultimate deal" - peace between Israel and the Palestinians. He stressed: "we are not taking a position on^[각주:33] any final status issues, including the specific boundaries of the Israeli sovereignty in^[각주:34] Jerusalem, or the resolution of^[각주:35] contested borders^[각주:36]." But it will be hard from this point to get the Palestinians to return to the negotiations that they abandoned three years ago. 

The move of^[각주:37] the embassy could in theory^[각주:38] be stalled by a future president^[각주:39], though that is unlikely^[각주:40]. Meanwhile, protests are^[각주:41] erupting^[각주:42]. The Palestinians still insist that part of Jerusalem should serve as the capital of a future Palestinian state, as a condition of^[각주:43] any peace deal. Some 300,000 Palestinians live in Jerusalem - nearly a third of the city's population. They carry Israeli identity cards^[각주:44] and can travel and work throughout Israel. But they are not Israeli citizens and cannot vote in national elections^[각주:45]. Their status remains to be resolved. 

Mr Trump has based much of his Middle East policy on building a closer alliance with Saudi Arabia. The Saudis, along with America's other Arab allies, publicly^[각주:46] opposed the recognition of Jerusalem. But it is unlikely that Mr Trump would have gone ahead if they had not privately^[각주:47] assured him that they had bigger things to worry about. The Sunni Arab states are less concerned about^[각주:48] Palestine than about Iran's growing influence, and finding ways to contain it^[각주:49]. Israel, behind the scenes^[각주:50], has become a tacit ally of^[각주:51] the Saudis in the Sunni-Shia conflict. 

Holy city, unholy^[각주:52] mess^[각주:53]

This leaves the Palestinians isolated^[각주:54], a sentiment palpable on the streets of^[각주:55] East Jerusalem this week. They feel abandoned not only by America but by the Arab world and even by their own leaders. Jawad Siam, a local leader in^[각주:56] Silwan, an Arab district of Jerusalme, has harsh words for^[각주:57] Mahmoud Abbas, the Palestinian president. "Abbas is always saying there is still a chance for diplomacy, and now Trump is making Abbas very small in front of his people." Ever since his election in 2005, Mr Abbas has rejected violence and called upon his people to^[각주:58] pursue statehood through^[각주:59] diplomacy. Now the calls from within the Palestinian national movement for a return to intifada, ie, a violent uprising, are growing.

However, many Palestinians remain weary of conflict with^[각주:60] the Israelis. "Why should we start another intifada^[각주:61] and lose our sons?" asked Fowzi lyad, a trader from^[각주:62] Jerusalem's Muslim Quarter^[각주:63]. "Just because Trump said he's going to build an embassy? Let's see Trump building something. All he does is talk."

1. campaign promise ; [명사] 선거 공약 ;; 참고 ; campaign pledge [본문으로]
2. aggravate ; [vn] 1. (질병이나 좋지 못한 상황을) 악화시키다 [본문으로]
3. issue an proclamation ; 성명을 발표하다 [본문으로]
4. stiff opposition ; 강력한[단호한, 완강한] 반대. [본문으로]
5. brew ; 4. [자동사][V] [보통 진행형으로 쓰여] ~ (up) (불쾌한 일이 일어날 움직임이) 태동하다 [본문으로]
6. denounce ; [vn], (참고: denunciation) 1. ~ sb/sth (as sth) 맹렬히 비난하다 [본문으로]
7. secretary general ; [명사] (대규모 국제 조직・정치 조직의) 사무총장, pl. sec· re·tar·ies- 사무 총장, 사무 국장, (공산당 따위의) 서기장. 참고 ; secretary-general·shìp 명사 [본문으로]
8. prime minister ; (약어:PM) 수상 [본문으로]
9. chorus ; 5. [sing.] a ~ of sth 이구동성 ;; 참고 ; dawn chorus [본문으로]
10. if anything ; (의견을 나타내어) 어느 편인가 하면; 오히려(부정문 뒤에서 그 반대가 사실임을 나타냄) [본문으로]
11. grandee ; 1. (과거 스페인・포르투갈의) 고급 귀족 ;; 2. 고위층 (사람) [본문으로]
12. embolden ; [타동사] 1. 대담하게 하다 ;; 2. 용기를 돋우어 주다 [본문으로]
13. jettison ; 3. (생각・믿음・계획 등을) 버리다[포기하다] [본문으로]
14. conventional wisdom ; (대부분의 사람들이 가지고 있는) 사회적[일반적] 통념 ;; 참고 ; received wisdom [본문으로]
15. peace process ; [명사] (주로 단수로) 평화 협상 과정[절차] [본문으로]
16. precondition ; [명사] 필수[필요, 전제, 선결] 조건. [본문으로]
17. ancient times ; 고대. [본문으로]
18. seat ; 6. TOWN/CITY | ~ of sth (격식) <어떤 활동이 이뤄지는, 특히 대학・정부 기구 등이 있는 곳> [본문으로]
19. taste ; 4. SHORT EXPERIENCE | [sing.] (어떤 것을 짧게 접하는) 경험[맛보기] [본문으로]
20. unveil ; 3. 나타내 보이다, 발표하다 [본문으로]
21. settlement ; 5. [C] 정착지 [본문으로]
22. proclamation ; [C , U] 선언서, 성명서; 선언, 선포 [본문으로]
23. delight ; [타동사][VN] 많은 기쁨을 주다, 아주 즐겁게 하다 [본문으로]
24. hail ... as ; ~이라고 부르며 맞이하다. [본문으로]
25. profoundly ; 1. (영향 등을) 깊이 [본문으로]
26. grateful ; 1. ~ (to sb) (for sth) | ~ (to do sth) | ~ (that…) 고마워하는, 감사하는 [본문으로]
27. corpus separatum ; A city or region which is given a special legal and political status different from its environment, but which falls short of being sovereign, or an independent city state. [본문으로]
28. jurisdiction ; (격식) 1. [U , C] ~ (over sb/sth) | ~ (of sb/sth) (to do sth) 관할권; 사법권 ;; 2. [C] 관할 구역 [본문으로]
29. the Six-day War ; [the ~] 6일 전쟁 ((1967년 6월 5-10일의 아랍과 이스라엘 간의 제3차 중동 전쟁)) [본문으로]
30. solely ; [부사] 오로지, 단지; 단독으로 ;; 미국식 [|soʊlli] 영국식 [|səʊlli] [본문으로]
31. chief negotiator ; 수석 교섭가, 대표 협상가, 수석 대표인 [본문으로]
32. disqualify ; 1. (…에 관해서/…하는 것에서) …의 자격[법적 권한]을 빼앗다; …을 부적격자로 간주하다[for/from doing]. [본문으로]
33. take a position on ; ~에 대한 입장을 취하다 [본문으로]
34. sovereignty ; [U], (격식) 1. ~ (over sth) 통치권, 자주권 ;; 2. (국가의) 자주[독립] [본문으로]
35. resolution ; 2. [U , sing.] (문제・불화 등의) 해결 [본문으로]
36. contest ; [vn] 1. (어떤 것을 차지하기 위해) 경쟁을 벌이다[다투다] ;; 2. (결정이나 진술에) 이의를 제기하다 [본문으로]
37. move ; 4. CHANGE OF HOUSE/JOB | (거주지・근무지의) 이사[이동/옮김] [본문으로]
38. in theory ; 이론상[원칙적]으로는 [본문으로]
39. stall ; 4. 교착 상태에 빠뜨리다, 지연시키다; 교착 상태에 빠지다, 지연되다 [본문으로]
40. unlikely ; (un・like・lier , un・likeli・est), (more unlikely와 most unlikely가 흔히 쓰인다.) 1. ~ (to do sth) | ~ (that…) …할[일] 것 같지 않은, 있음직하지[있을 것 같지] 않은 [본문으로]
41. protest ; [U , C] ~ (against sth) 항의[반대/이의] (운동); 시위 [본문으로]
42. erupt ; 2. [자동사][V] ~ (into sth) (갑자기 폭력적으로) 분출되다[터지다] [본문으로]
43. condition ; 6. RULE | [C] (요구) 조건 [본문으로]
44. identity card ; 신분증 [본문으로]
45. national election ; [명사] 총선 (syn. general election) [본문으로]
46. publicly ; [부사] 공공연하게, 공개적으로; 공적으로, 여론에 의해; 정부에 의해 [본문으로]
47. privately ; [부사] 남몰래, 은밀히(secretly); 개인으로서; [문장을 수식하여] 내밀한 이야기지만; 개인적으로는 [본문으로]
48. be concerned about[for, over] ; …에 관심을 가지다, …을 걱정하다 [본문으로]
49. contain ; 2. (감정을) 억누르다[참다] ;; 3. (좋지 않은 일을) 방지하다[억제하다] [본문으로]
50. behind the scene ; 무대 뒤에서 / 이면에서 / 은밀히. [본문으로]
51. tacit ; [형용사] (주로 명사 앞에 씀) 암묵적인, 무언의 ;; 미국·영국 [|tӕsɪt] [본문으로]
52. unholy ; 1. 위험한, 위태로운 ;; 2. 불경스러운, 성스럽지 못한 ;; 3. [명사 앞에만 씀] (비격식) 끔찍한, 지독한 [본문으로]
53. mess ; 2. DIFFICULT SITUATION | [C] [주로 단수로] (많은 문제로) 엉망인 상황 [본문으로]
54. leave ; 5. SB/STH IN CONDITION/PLACE | (어떤 상태・장소 등에 계속) 있게 만들다[그대로 두다] [본문으로]
55. palpable ; [형용사] 감지할 수 있는, 뚜렷한, 손에 만져질 듯한 ;; 미국·영국 [|pӕlpəbl] [본문으로]
56. local ; [주로 명사 앞에 씀] 1. (현재 얘기되고 있거나 자신이 살고 있는 특정) 지역의, 현지의 [본문으로]
57. harsh words ; 거친 말, 표현, 심한 말 [본문으로]
58. call upon[on] ; 1. (연설 등을) ~에게 청하다[부탁하다] ;; 2. 요구하다 [본문으로]
59. statehood ; [U] 1. (자주적인) 국가의 지위 [본문으로]
60. weary ; 3. ~ of sth/of doing sth (격식) ~에 싫증난 ;; 미국식 [|wɪri] 영국식 [|wɪəri] [본문으로]
61. intifada ; [명사] [종종 I~] 아랍인 반란 ((1987년 Gaza Strip과 West Bank 이스라엘 점령 지역에서의 팔레스타인에 의한 반란)) ;; 미국·영국 [ìntəfɑ́:də] [본문으로]
62. trader ; [명사] 상인, 거래자 [본문으로]
63. quarter ; 4. PART OF TOWN | [C] [주로 단수로] (도시 내의) 구역[지구] [본문으로]