[Annotated] Facebook comes under fresh attack for its data-privacy practices [spotted]

The social media network has endured endless scandals, but deeper problems lurk^[각주:1]

January has been a bad month for Facebook. First came a story showing that the social network has spent years in intentionally profiting from, and refusing to refund, accidental purchases made by children. Kids as young as five were spending hundreds or even thousands of dollars on Facebook, according to the Centre for Investigative Reporting, an American non-profit organization, mostly to play games. 

Days later, on January 30th, Apple revoked the social network's developer certificate^[각주:2], a document which lets companies create iPhone apps for internal use, for violating its terms^[각주:3]. Facebook had used its certificate to build an app which, once installed, would send all the data on a person's phone to Facebook, in exchange for $20-a-month^[각주:4], according to a report in TechCrunch. Apple's revocation^[각주:5] broke all of Facebook's internal apps for Apple phones, including the one which runs the firm's employee bus program, leaving workers stranded^[각주:6]. Sheryl Sandburg, Facebook's chief operating officer^[각주:7], said that the app had only collected people's data with consent; in a separate statement Facebook said that data from children had been collected with the consent of their parents. 

This patch of bad news was particularly dense^[각주:8], but its tone has become^[각주:9] the norm for^[각주:10] Facebook in the past year. Bad news dogged the firm through 2018^[각주:11]. It provided personal data on its users to Cambridge Analytica without their consent; more details emerged of how it became a channel for^[각주:12] misinformation in^[각주:13] America's presidential election; WhatsApp (which Facebook owns) and Facebook's News Feed were both used to spread^[각주:14] falsehood^[각주:15] and rumour in India, Mexico and Myanmar, culminating in^[각주:16] lynchings^[각주:17] and genocide^[각주:18]. None of this was enough to cause serious damage to Facebook's financial performance^[각주:19]. On January 30th Facebook announced record profits^[각주:20] for the final quarter of 2018, $16.9bn in revenue^[각주:21], beating Wall Street predictions. 

The firm's shares rose 12% on the news. No amount of bad press^[각주:22], it seems, can dent one of the greatest money-printing machines ever created^[각주:23] (though share prices are still down some 23% from last year's highs^[각주:24]). Facebook's profit margins^[각주:25] remain among the highest in big tech. When the social network does err^[각주:26], it seems not to matter. And yet along with the upbeat financial news^[각주:27] came new notes of caution^[각주:28].

First, Facebook announced a change in the way it measures the number of people who use its services. For years^[각주:29] it has reported the number of people who use News Feed, at least once a month, logging into the company's core social network. That number stands at 2.3 billion^[각주:30]. Now, said chief financial officer David Wehner, Facebook will start including people who just use WhatsApp and Instagram in its reports, bringing its current total to 2.7 billion users. 

Measuring all of its services together signals publicly what^[각주:31] has been obvious for some time, that Facebook's plans for revenue growth^[각주:32] now sit firmly with WhatsApp and Instagram. The number of people who use those apps is still growing fast, and they have not yet been as heavily monetized as^[각주:33] the News Feed, where user growth is slowing and there is little space to run more ads. To better monetize those 400m WhatsApp and Instagram users who don't have a Facebook account, the firm proposes to knit services' technical infrastructure together^[각주:34]. Facebook promises that the content of all messages will be encrypted regardless of the platform, but more information about who is talking to whom, for how long and when, will be hugely valuable for ad targeting. A WhatsApp user will be able message ^[각주:35]someone who only has a Facebook account. Personal data will flow more easily around the company, with profitable targeted advertising following it. 

European privacy regulators are the grit in this plan^[각주:36]. No sooner had Facebook's integration plans been announced that the Irish Data Protection Commissioner was asking it for "an urgent briefing on what is being proposed", and stating that the integration couldn't happen in the EU unless it complied with GDPR^[각주:37], Europe's new privacy law^[각주:38]. Many in the European regulatory community see their permissiveness over^[각주:39] Facebook's 2014 acquisition of WhatsApp as a foundational mistake^[각주:40]. Five years later, armed with sharper regulatory teeth, they are unlikely to let further unification through easily^[각주:41]. 

The Irish regulator is already examining Facebook's compliance with^[각주:42] GDPR, having received a number of complaints since GDPR launched in May 2018. Google, Facebook's brother-in-advertising, had a taste of^[각주:43] post-GDPR enforcement^[각주:44] earlier this month when the French regulator fined it €50m. There has been no such activity in America, where the regulator with purview over privacy concerns^[각주:45], the Federal Trade Commission, has remained silent^[각주:46]. There are political rumblings coming from deep in Washington^[각주:47], though, of bipartisan federal privacy laws that^[각주:48] may see the light of day in^[각주:49] coming months^[각주:50]. 

Some may take Facebook's blockbuster earnings as^[각주:51] evidence that criticism of the firm has been overcooked^[각주:52] and that Facebook's errors are not so egregious^[각주:53]. There is some truth to this. Facebook became the favoured target of^[각주:54] the tech press in 2018, attracting scrutiny^[각주:55] above and beyond its peers in^[각주:56] Silicon Valley, and headlines that stretch events to their most negative conclusions^[각주:57]. And yet to swallow^[각주:58] the victimhood narrative^[각주:59] whole would be a mistake. Currently, Facebook is surviving its scandals, but storm clouds^[각주:60] still hover above it, waiting to burst. 

1. lurk ; 2. [자동사] (불쾌한 일위험이) 도사리다 ;; [VERB] If someone lurks somewhere, they wait there secretly so that they cannot be seen, usually because they intend to do something bad. [본문으로]
2. revoke ; [타동사][VN] (격식) 폐지[철회/취소]하다 ;; [VERB] When people in authority revoke something such as a licence, a law, or an agreement, they cancel it. [본문으로]
3. term ; 3-b. [pl.] 협약, 약정, 협정, 동의, 타협 [본문으로]
4. in exchange for ; ~대신의, 교환으로, ~의 대가로 [본문으로]
5. revocation ; [UC/] 폐지, 취소; [법] (계약·유언 등의) 철회, 파기 ;; reversal, cancellation [본문으로]
6. strand ; [VN] [주로 수동태로] 1. [타동사] 오도 가도 못 하게 하다, 발을 묶다 ;; [VERB] If you are stranded, you are prevented from leaving a place, for example because of bad weather. [본문으로]
7. chief operating officer ; [명사] (기업의) 업무 집행 담당 최고 책임자(보통 회장 밑의 사장으로 일상 업무를 총괄; COO). [본문으로]
8. dense ; 3. (비격식) 멍청한 ;; 4. 난해한, 복잡한 ;; [ADJ] Something that is dense contains a lot of things or people in a small area. [본문으로]
9. tone ; 4. (사상·감정 등의) 경향, 풍조; 시황(市況); (연설 등의) 품격, 격조, 기품; 기분, 기질, 성격 [본문으로]
10. norm ; 1. [sing.] 흔히 the norm 표준, 일반적인 것 ; 유의어 rule [본문으로]
11. dog ; 1. [타동사] (문제나 불운이) (오랫동안) 괴롭히다 ;; 2. [타동사] (누구 뒤를) 바싹 따라가다 ;; [VERB] If problems or injuries dog you, they are with you all the time. [본문으로]
12. channel ; 4. (정보 따위가 흐르는) 경로, 루트; (channels) (소정의) 연락 수단; (왕복 따위의) 경로. [본문으로]
13. misinformation ; [명사] 오보 ;; [NOUN] Misinformation is wrong information which is given to someone, often in a deliberate attempt to make them believe something which is not true. [본문으로]
14. spread ; 4. (사람들 사이로) 퍼지다[확산되다]; 퍼뜨리다, 확산시키다 [본문으로]
15. falsehood ; (격식) 1. [U] 거짓임; 거짓말하기 [본문으로]
16. culminate ; [자동사][V] ~ (in/with sth) (격식) (~으로) 끝이 나다[막을 내리다] ;; [VERB] If you say that an activity, process, or series of events culminates in or with a particular event, you mean that event happens at the end of it. ;; 미국∙영국 [ˈkʌlmɪneɪt] [본문으로]
17. lynching ; [UC] 폭력적인 사적 제재 ((특히 교수형)) [본문으로]
18. genocide ; [U] 집단[종족] 학살 ;; [NOUN] Genocide is the deliberate murder of a whole community or race. [본문으로]
19. financial performance ; 재무 성과 [본문으로]
20. record profits ; 기록적인 수익 [본문으로]
21. revenue ; 2. [U] 수익, (정기적인) 수입; 수입의 출처; 수입 항목 ;; [NOUN] Revenue is money that a company, organization, or government receives from people. [본문으로]
22. no amount of sth ; 아무리 많은 ~도 (소용이 없을 것이다) ;; used for saying that something will have no effect [본문으로]
23. dent ; 옴폭 들어가(게 하)다; 손상시키다, 약화시키다 [본문으로]
24. high ; [명사] 4. 최고 수준, 고액의 숫자; 최고 기록 [본문으로]
25. profit margin ; [명사] 이윤[이익] 폭 [본문으로]
26. err ; [자동사][V] (구식, 격식) 실수를 범하다 ;; [VERB] If you err, you make a mistake. ;; 미국식 [er] 영국식 [ɜː(r)] [본문으로]
27. upbeat ; [형용사] (비격식) 긍정적인, 낙관적인 ;; 유의어 optimistic ;; 반의어 downbeat [본문으로]
28. note ; [명사] 12. (사람의) 음성, 말의 기세 ; 말투, 사고방식(way of speaking or thinking), 태도(attitude). [본문으로]
29. for years ; 수년간, 몇 해 동안 [본문으로]
30. stand at ; 2. …을 나타내다 [본문으로]
31. signal ; 3-a. …을 나타내다, …의 특징이다 ;; [VERB] If you signal to someone, you make a gesture or sound in order to send them a particular message. [본문으로]
32. revenue growth ; 수익 성장, 매출 증대 [본문으로]
33. monetize ; to utilize (something of value) as a source of profit [본문으로]
34. knit ; (knitted, knitted) (3번과 4번 뜻일 때에는 과거형과 과거분사형으로 보통 knit을 쓴다.) 3. ~ (sb/sth) (together) (사람사물을) 밀접하게 결합시키다[맺다]; 밀접하게 결합되다[맺어지다] ;; 4. (부러진 뼈가[를]) 접합되다[시키다] ; 유의어 mend [본문으로]
35. to 를 빼먹은듯 [본문으로]
36. grit ; 4. (美) 견실, 견인(堅忍), 씩씩한 기상(firmness of character), 투지, 용기, 의기(意氣), 담력(pluck, stami-na). [본문으로]
37. comply with ; 순응하다, 지키다, 준수하다 ;; 수락하다 [본문으로]
38. privacy law ; [명사] 개인 정보 보호법 [본문으로]
39. permissiveness ; [명사] 허용됨 ; 관대함 , 자유방임적임. [본문으로]
40. foundational ; 기초가 되는; 기초적인, 기본의(fundamental). [본문으로]
41. let through ; …을 통과시키다; [잘못]을 눈감아 주다, 간과하다 ;; 1.to allow somebody/something to pass or go through something that is blocking the way ;; 2.to say that somebody/something is good enough for something or is correct [본문으로]
42. compliance with ; ~을 지켜서, ~을 준수해서 [본문으로]
43. have[take] a (small) taste of ;; …을 (한 입) 맛보다 [본문으로]
44. enforcement ; [U, C] 시행, 실행, 실시; 강제, 강요; 《고어》 강제하는 것. ;; [NOUN] If someone carries out the enforcement of an act or rule, they enforce it. [본문으로]
45. purview ; 1. 이해의 범위; 시계(視界), 시야 ;; 2. (활동·직권·관리 등의) 범위, 영역, 권한 ;; 3. (법) 법전의 본문, 조항 ;; [NOUN] The purview of something such as an organization or activity is the range of things it deals with. [본문으로]
46. remain[stay, keep] silent ;; 침묵을 지키다 [본문으로]
47. rumbling ; 2. [종종 pl.] 불평, 불만, 투덜대기 ;; 3. [보통 pl.] 소문 ;; [NOUN] [usu with supp] A rumbling is a low continuous noise. [본문으로]
48. bipartisan ; (또는 bipartizan) 양당[양파]의, 양당[양파]으로 구성된[을 대표하는]; 초당파적인. ;; [ADJ] Bipartisan means concerning or involving two different political parties or groups. ;; 미국식 [ˌbaɪˈpɑːrtɪzn] 영국식 [ˌbaɪpɑːtɪˈzæn] [본문으로]
49. see the light of day ; be thought of or discovered by somebody, or become known to a lot of people at a particular time [본문으로]
50. coming month ; 다음 달 [본문으로]
51. blockbuster ; [명사] 2. [구어] 압도적[위협적]인 것, 유력자, 큰 영향[감명]을 주는 사람[사물]; 쇼크를 주는 것 [본문으로]
52. overcook ; [타동사][VN] (음식을) 너무 오래 익히다[삶다] ;; [VERB] [tr] to cook (something) until dry, burnt, or inedible [본문으로]
53. egregious ; 1. 소문난(notorious), 지독한, 얼토당토 않는, 언어도단의(flagrant). ;; [ADJ] Egregious means very bad indeed. ;; 미국∙영국 [ɪˈɡriːdʒiəs] [본문으로]
54. favoured (英) (美 favored) ;; 1. 특혜를 받는 ;; 2. 사람들이 선호하는 ;; 3. (격식) (조건 등이) 좋은 [본문으로]
55. scrutiny ; [U] (격식) 정밀 조사, 철저한 검토 ; 유의어 inspection ;; [NOUN] If a person or thing is under scrutiny, they are being studied or observed very carefully. [본문으로]
56. above and beyond ; …에 더하여, …외에 ;; more than (your duty, etc.) [본문으로]
57. stretch ; 7. …을 과장하다; 〔말의 뜻 따위〕를 확대 해석하다, 견강 부회하다; 〔진실 따위〕를 왜곡하다, 곡해하다, 남용하다. [본문으로]
58. swallow ; 5. (사실로) 받아들이다, 믿다 [본문으로]
59. victimhood ; 피해자희생자 , 희생자의식 ;; the state of being a victim [본문으로]
60. storm cloud ; [주로 복수로] 먹구름 [본문으로]