[Annotated] Robert Mueller indicts twelve Russians

How Russian prosecuted^[각주:1] its cyber-war on American democracy

If all America can be said to have been under attack when hijackers turned four airliners^[각주:2] on it in 2001, the assault^[각주:3] Russian agents launched on American democracy in 2016 represented a full-blown war^[각주:4]. The 12 fresh charges against Russian intelligence officers^[각주:5] unveiled by^[각주:6] the deputy attorney-general^[각주:7], Rod Rosenstein, on July 13th, offered a few important new details about that attack, confirmed^[각주:8] many long-held fears^[각주:9], and suggested there may be much more of the scandal to unfold^[각주:10]. 

A previous round of indictments against^[각주:11] Russian hackers, which then as now sprang from the investigations of^[각주:12] Robert Mueller, the special counsel who is investigating^[각주:13] the Russian attack, suggested it was audacious ^[각주:14]and flagrant^[각주:15] but relatively limited. If focused on a godless Russian effort to^[각주:16] flood social media with images of^[각주:17] Jesus rooting for^[각주:18] Donald Trump and Satan for Hillary Clinton. The latest indictment points to^[각주:19] a much more complicated, multifarious effort to^[각주:20] swing the election for^[각주:21] Mr Trump.

It included hacking the computer systems of Mrs Clinton's campaign team and party, via the offices of the Democratic National Committee, and also those of a state election authority. The Russians executed their manipulation through^[각주:22] various means^[각주:23], including "spear phishing^[각주:24]" - which involves using fabricated e-mail addresses^[각주:25] - as well as money-laundering ^[각주:26]and peddling stolen data to Republican candidates and their supporters. 

According to Mr Rosenstein - who is overseeing^[각주:27] the Mueller investigation because his boss, Jeff Sessions, was forced to recused^[각주:28] himself after being caught lying about his own secret communications with Russians - the 12 suspects: "covertly monitored^[각주:29] the computers, implanted hundreds of files^[각주:30] containing malicious computers code^[각주:31], and stole e-mails and other documents." 

Among the details of the plot previously suspected, Mr Rosenstein appeared to refer to the lead role in^[각주:32] the plot played by Wikileaks, an anarchist website run by the fugitive^[각주:33] Julian Assange, in disseminating the stolen goods^[각주:34]. "In addition to releasing documents directly to the public, the defendants transferred^[각주:35] stolen documents to another organization, not named in the indictment, and discussed timing the release of the documents in an attempt to enhance the impact on the election."

The indictment is also believed to refer to the long-suspected^[각주:36] though perhaps unwitting role played by^[각주:37] Roger Stone, a right-wing agitator^[각주:38] and close advisor to^[각주:39] Mr Trump. The hackers, the indictment reported, were in touch with^[각주:40] "a person who was in regular contact with senior members of^[각주:41] the [Trump] presidential campaign."

Perhaps the most stunning new detail concerns Mr Trump's own, also perhaps unwitting, role in the attack on America. While campaigning in Florida, on July 27th, he made a public appeal to Russian hackers to trawl for Mrs Clinton's e-mails^[각주:42]: "I will tell you this, Russia: If you're listening, I hope you're able to find the 30,000 e-mails that are missing." Without referring to that outrage, the indictment notes that the Russians, all of whom belong to a Kremlin-linked Russian cyber-espionage unit^[각주:43] called GRU, launched their first effort to break into Mrs Clinton's office computer system that very day. 

The indictment points to previously unsuspected^[각주:44] collusion^[각주:45] - again, perhaps unwitting - between the Russians and opportunistic Americans. "On or about August 15, 2016, the conspirators^[각주:46]... received a request for stolen documents from a candidate for the U.S. Congress," the indictment reports, without naming the candidate. "The conspirators ... sent the candidate stolen documents related to the candidate's opponent." 

Even so^[각주:47], Mr Rosenstein took pains to^[각주:48] note that^[각주:49] the indictment included no allegation of lawbreaking by^[각주:50] any American citizen. Nor, he said, did it fall within^[각주:51] the bounds of^[각주:52] Mr Mueller's mandate to suggest whether the Russian effort swung the election for^[각주:53] Mr Trump or not. Yet that was not to say there will be no further indictments, including of Americans. To the contrary^[각주:54], they seem extremely likely. Nor did it mean the Russian attack was insufficient to account for^[각주:55] the paper-thin^[각주:56] margin of^[각주:57] Mr Trump's freakish victory^[각주:58]. 

Mr Mueller's small investigative team had delivered outstanding value for money even before this latest coup. It has now filed more than 100 criminal charges against^[각주:59] 32 people and three companies. They include 26 Russian agents and four senior members of^[각주:60] Mr Trump's campaign team, three of whom have already pleaded guilty^[각주:61]. This has been achieved at an estimated cost of^[각주:62] around $10m. The 9/11 Commission's report into the hijacking attack, to put that in some sort of context, cost $15m.

Yet the comparison is mainly instructive because of^[각주:63] the way the 9/11 report and its sober reception represented a scrupulously^[각주:64] bipartisan effort to^[각주:65] uncover the truth of^[각주:66] a national disaster. The same, tragically, cannot be said of the toxic political atmosphere in which Mr Mueller is working. "I think that we're being hurt very badly by the, I would call it the witch hunt; I would call it the rigged witch hunt," Mr. Trump said of this investigation, a few hours before the latest indictment was unveiled^[각주:67]. 

The president also fretted that^[각주:68] Mr Mueller was inconveniencing his own one-man^[각주:69] effort to^[각주:70] cosy up to America's aggressor^[각주:71], Vladimir Putin, whom Mr Trump is due to meet mano a mano in^[각주:72] Helsinki on July 16th. "I think [Mr Mueller's investigation] really hurts our country and it really hurts our relationship with Russia." 

After the indictment landed, the White House released a statement which made no mention of the awful and dazzlingly^[각주:73] successful attack on American democracy it described. It mainly noted that the indictment had not attributed Mr Trump's victory to the Russians^[각주:74]: "This is consistent with what^[각주:75] we have been saying all along^[각주:76]."

Mr Trump's political-accomplice^[각주:77]-turned-lawyer^[각주:78], Rudolph Giuliani, meanwhile suggested that, as the indictment showed "no Americans are involved", Mr Mueller's investigation should be promptly shut down^[각주:79]. That, at least, has probably now got a bit harder for Mr Trump to do.

1. prosecute ; 1. (조사·연구 등을) 실시하다, 수행하다(follow up, pursue). ;; 2. (장사·직업에) 종사하다, 경영하다(carry on, practise). [본문으로]
2. airliner ; (대형) 정기 여객기 [본문으로]
3. assault ; 2. [C] ~ (on/upon/against sb/sth) (군대 등이 하는) (점거를 위한) 공격 [본문으로]
4. full-blown ; [형용사] [명사 앞에만 씀] …의 모든 특성을 갖춘, 완전히 발달한[진행된] ;; 만발한, 활짝 핀, 무르익은, 완전한, 본격적인; <돛이> 바람을 가득 안은 [본문으로]
5. intelligence officer ; 정보 장교 [본문으로]
6. unveil ; 2. (새로운 계획・상품 등을) 발표하다 [본문으로]
7. deputy attorney general ; 법무차관 [본문으로]
8. confirm ; 1. (특히 증거를 들어) 사실임을 보여주다[확인해 주다] ;; 2. [타동사][VN] ~ sth | ~ sb (in sth) (무엇에 대한 느낌이나 믿음을) 더 확실히 갖게 하다[더 분명히 해 주다] [본문으로]
9. long-held ; [형용사] 오랫동안 간직해 온(cf. hold (생각 따위를) 지니다, 믿다; hold-held-held) [본문으로]
10. unfold ; [자동사] 2. <경치·이야기 등이> 펼쳐지다, 전개되다 ;; 3. 명확해지다 [본문으로]
11. indictment ; [U]기소(절차), 고발; [C]기소[고발]장 ;; 미국∙영국 [ɪn|daɪtmənt] [본문으로]
12. spring from ; [동사] …로부터 일어나다, 야기하다; ∼태생[출신]이다. 동의어 issue forth suddenly, shoot; come from, originate. [본문으로]
13. special counsel ; 특별검사 [본문으로]
14. audacious ; 1. 대담한, 겁이 없는. ;; 2. 도덕·습관을 무시한, 무례한; 거만한, 안하무인의, 뻔뻔스러운. ;; 3. 매우 기발한, 독창[창의]성이 풍부한. [본문으로]
15. flagrant ; 1. <거짓말·실수 등이> 명백한 ;; 2. 악명 높은, 이름난(notorious), 극악한 [본문으로]
16. godless ; [주로 명사 앞에 씀] 1. 신의 존재를 부인하는, 신을 인정하지[믿지] 않는 ;; 2. 믿음이 없는; 사악한, 불경(不敬)한 ;; [본문으로]
17. flood ; 5. LARGE NUMBERS | [타동사][VN] ~ sth (with sth) ~에 (~이) 마구 넘치다[범람하다]; 넘쳐나게[범람하게] 하다 [본문으로]
18. root for ; (수동태로는 안 씀;보통 진행형으로 쓰여) (스포츠 팀·곤경에 처한 사람을) 응원[성원]하다 [본문으로]
19. point to ; (이유로) ~을 들먹이다 ;; [동사] 가리키다; 암시하다. ;; 동의어 show the direction; suggest. [본문으로]
20. multifarious ; [형용사] (격식) 다양한, 다채로운 ;; [|mʌltɪ|feriəs] 영국식 [|mʌltɪ|feəriəs] [본문으로]
21. swing ; 6. CHANGE OPINION/MOOD | ~ (from A) (to B) | ~ (between A and B) (의견・분위기 등이) 선회하다[바뀌다]; 선회시키다, 바꾸다 [본문으로]
22. manipulation ; 1. 교묘한 처리, 솜씨 있는 취급[조종] ;; 3. 조작, 속임수 [본문으로]
23. means ; (pl. means), (참고: end n. , fair adj. , way n.) 1. [C] ~ (of doing sth/of sth) 수단, 방법, 방도 [본문으로]
24. spear-phishing ; (IT) <정보보호>스피어 피싱 ;; The targeted version of phishing where hackers go after individuals as opposed to going after a large group by pretending to be a trusted corporation/company/group through some form of electronic communication. [본문으로]
25. fabricate ; [흔히 수동태로] 1. (거짓 정보를) 날조하다[조작하다] [본문으로]
26. money laundering ; 돈[자금] 세탁(money washing) [본문으로]
27. oversee ; [타동사][VN] (over・saw / -'sOː / over・seen / -'siːn /) (작업・활동이 제대로 이뤄지는지) 감독하다 [본문으로]
28. recuse 의 오표기로 보임 [본문으로]
29. covertly ; [부사] 은밀히, 살며시 [본문으로]
30. implant ; 1. 꽂아 넣다, 박다; <씨 등을> 심다, 뿌리다 ;; 2. <주의·사상 등을> 주입하다, 불어넣다 ((in, into)) [본문으로]
31. malicious ; [형용사] 악의적인, 적의 있는 [본문으로]
32. lead role ; 주인공 역할, 주연 [본문으로]
33. fugitive ; [명사] ~ (from sb/sth) 도망자, 탈주자 [본문으로]
34. disseminate ; [타동사][VN] (격식) (정보・지식 등을) 퍼뜨리다[전파하다] ;; 미국∙영국 [dɪ|semɪneɪt] [본문으로]
35. defendant ; (법) 피고(인), 피고측(opp. plaintiff) ;; 미국∙영국 [dɪ|fendənt] [본문으로]
36. long-suspected ; 오랫동안 짐작해온 [본문으로]
37. unwitting ; 1. (과실 따위) 모르고[부지중에] 한, 무의식의(unintentional) ;; 2. (남이 어떤 일을) 알아차리지 못하는, 모르는(unaware); 조심하지 않는, 부주의한(heedless) ;; 3. [부사적으로] UNWITTINGLY [본문으로]
38. agitator ; [명사] (못마땅함) (정치) 운동가, 선동가 [본문으로]
39. close advisor ; 핵심 측근 [본문으로]
40. be, get, keep, etc. in touch (with somebody) ;; (~와 편지·전화로) 연락하고 지내다[연락하다] [본문으로]
41. be in contact with ; ~와 연락하다 [본문으로]
42. trawl ; 1. ~ (through sth) (for sth/sb) | ~ sth (for sth/sb) 대대적으로 조사하다, 샅샅이 훑다 ;; 미국∙영국 [trɔ:l] [본문으로]
43. espionage ; [U] 스파이[간첩] 행위 ;; 참고 counter-espionage ;; 미국∙영국 [|espiənɑ:Ʒ] [본문으로]
44. unsuspected ; [형용사] 예상치[알지] 못한 ;; 의심[혐의]받지 않은; 생각지도 않은, 뜻밖의 [본문으로]
45. collusion ; [U] (격식 못마땅함) 공모, 결탁 [본문으로]
46. conspirator ; [명사] 공모자, 음모 가담자 ;; 미국·영국 [kən|spɪrətə(r)] [본문으로]
47. even so ; 그렇기는 하지만 [본문으로]
48. take (great) pains (to do something) ;; (~을 하는 데) 애를 쓰다[공을 들이다] 동의어 go to great pains (to do something) [본문으로]
49. note ; (비교적 격식) 1. …에 주목[주의]하다 ;; 2. (중요하거나 흥미로운 것을) 언급하다 [본문으로]
50. lawbreaking ; [U] 법률 위반, 위법. ;; [형용사] 법률 위반의, 위법의. [본문으로]
51. fall within ; …의 범위에 들어가다, …에 포함되다 [본문으로]
52. bound ; 1. [보통 pl.] (안쪽에서 본) 경계(선)(border) ;; 2. [pl.] 경계 부근의 영토 ;; 3. [pl.] 영역 내, 관내, 영내 ;; 4. [pl.] 범위, 한계 [본문으로]
53. swing ; 6. CHANGE OPINION/MOOD | ~ (from A) (to B) | ~ (between A and B) (의견・분위기 등이) 선회하다[바뀌다]; 선회시키다, 바꾸다 ;; 7. DO/GET STH | (비격식) (때론 약간 부정직한 방법으로) 하다[해 내다] [본문으로]
54. to the contrary ; 그 반대를 보여주는[증명하는] [본문으로]
55. account for ; 1. ~을 해명하다[~의 이유가 되다] ;; 2. 설명하다 [본문으로]
56. paper-thin ; [형용사] 물건이 종잇장처럼 얇은 ;; 참고 ; wafer-thin [본문으로]
57. margin ; 2. [주로 단수로] (시간・득표 수 등의) 차이[차] [본문으로]
58. freakish ; 1. 변덕스러운, 일시적 기분의, 장난의 ;; 2. 기형적인, 괴상한 [본문으로]
59. criminal charge ; 형사 고발. [본문으로]
60. senior ; 1. OF HIGH RANK | ~ (to sb) (계급・지위가) 고위[고급/상급/상위]의 [본문으로]
61. plead guilty (to a charge) ; (혐의에 대해) 죄를 인정하다. [본문으로]
62. estimated cost ; [명사] 견적원가, 예정원가 ;; 참고 ; standard cost [본문으로]
63. instructive ; (more instructive; most instructive) 교육적인, 교훈적인; 지식을 주는; 도움이 되는, 유익한. ;; 계몽적인(giving knowledge, enlightening). [본문으로]
64. scrupulously ; [부사] 양심적으로; 용의주도하게. [본문으로]
65. bipartisan ; 두 당[파]을 대표하는, 두당[파]의(성원으로 이루어지는) ; 양당적인, 초당파적인. [본문으로]
66. uncover ; 2. (비밀 등을) 알아내다[적발하다] [본문으로]
67. unveil ; 2. <비밀 등을> 밝히다 ;; 3. 나타내 보이다, 발표하다 [본문으로]
68. fret ; 1. …을 (…으로) 애태우다, 괴롭히다, 고민[초조]하게 하다[about, over, at, for]. ;; 2. …을 좀먹다, 마멸시키다, 부식[침식]하다; (침식·마찰 따위로) …을 만들다, (벌레 따위가) …에 먹어 들어가다; 〔피부〕를 스쳐 벗기다. [본문으로]
69. one-man ; [형용사] (명사 앞에만 씀) 혼자 하는; 한 사람에게 적절한 ;; 참고 ; one-woman [본문으로]
70. inconvenience ; [타동사][VN] 불편하게 하다, 애로를 주다 [본문으로]
71. aggressor ; [명사] (먼저) 공격[침략]을 한 사람[국가] [본문으로]
72. mano a mano ; (pl. ma·nos a ma·nos) 1. 두 투우사가 교대로 싸우는 투우 ;; 2. 1대 1의 대결 [본문으로]
73. dazzlingly ; [부사] 눈부시도록 ; 현혹적으로. [본문으로]
74. attribute ; [vn] 1. ~ sth to sth (~을 …의) 결과로[덕분으로] 보다 ;; 2. ~ sth (to sb) (특히 말・글・그림 등을) …것[탓/책임]이라고 보다[말하다] [본문으로]
75. be consistent with ; ~와 일관되다, 조화를 이루다 [본문으로]
76. all along ; 내내[죽] ;; from the beginning [본문으로]
77. accomplice ; [명사] 공범(자) ;; 미국식 [ə|kɑ:mplɪs] 영국식 [ə|kʌmplɪs] [본문으로]
78. turned ; 3. [복합어를 이루어] 표현[모양]이 …한 [본문으로]
79. promptly ; 1. 지체 없이 ;; 2. 정확히 제 시간에, 시간을 엄수하여 ;; 3. [항상 동사 앞에 쓰여] 즉시 [본문으로]