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[Annotated] The Falcon Heavy's successful flight is another vindication for Elon Musk
af334 2018. 2. 7. 14:47And another headache for SpaceX's competitors
It was not the most powerful launch ever seen at the Kennedy Space Centre's Pad 39A; almost half a century ago the Apollo programme's mighty Saturn V's made use of it 1. But if the Falcon Heavy that took off from 2 39A on February 6th could boast only half the thrust of 3 those bygone giants 4, its successful maiden voyage 5 still proved it the most powerful rocket in the world today, as well as the most technologically advanced. 6
Elon Musk, the founder of SpaceX, the firm which built the Falcon Heavy, had been frank about the possibility that the launch might fail, possibly spectacularly. The prospect of 7 fireworks helped to entice 8 the biggest crowd of spectators at 9 Cape Canaveral since the heyday of 10 the Space shuttle, and an audience of half a million to a live webcast 11. 12
After a delay caused by strong winds the assembled spectators 13 witnessed a balletic display of 14 technological prowess 15. Most rockets are one-use wonders, all their components 16 falling into the sea or burning up in the atmosphere once their payloads 17 are in orbit 18. SpaceX, though, has pioneered the idea of 19 flying rocket stages back to Earth, ready to be re-used. Recovering one rocket is impressive enough. The Falcon Heavy is made up of 20 three individual boosters strapped together 21, and SpaceX had said it would try to recover all of them at once 22. 23
Sure enough, shortly after the Falcon Heavy roared off into the sky, two of its boosters reappeared, their landings just a stone's throw from 24 the launch pad almost perfectly synchronized 25. The rocket's central 26 booster, though, did not manage its own landing, which was to have been on a robotic landing ship out to sea 27. 28
That was a small spot on an otherwise spectacular success. In a nice bit of 29 cross-promotion 30, the cargo for the flight was a sports car made by Tesla, Mr Musk's electric-car firm. SpaceX has plans to fly astronauts to 31 the International Space Station, so the car was occupied by a mannequin modelling 32 the firm's newly developed spacesuit. After it has orbited 33 the Earth for about five hours the second stage of the Falcon, to which it is still attached, will fire up for 34 a final final time and send it out into the solar system. It will orbit the sun between Earth and Mars for the next few million years, unless some future entrepreneur with an eye for good publicity 35 decides to go out and bring it back. 36
The Falcon Heavy's performance was about more than just marketing. Its success is another vindication of Mr Musk's policy of producing modular components in 37 volume with the aim of building a fleet of cheap, reusable 38 spacecraft 39. The Falcon Heavy uses three boosters that are derived from the Falcon 9, SpaceX's existing rocket, each of which in turn 40 is driven by nine identical Merlin engines. Its two side boosters had both flown before. 41
The Falcon Heavy's development stands in stark contrast to NASA's own heavy-lift rocket, the Space Launch System (SLS). When the SLS was unveiled in 42 2011, SpaceX was still a start-up that had yet to launch a satellite into geosynchronous orbit 43. In 2017, SpaceX completed 18 missions, recovered 14 boosters, and sent five of them back into space. The SLS, by contrast 44, uses engines originally designed in the 1960s and left over from 45 the Space Shuttle programme. It is designed to preserve existing space-industry jobs as much as it is to fly cargo into orbit. Its maiden voyage is not expected until 2020. 46
The day before the launch, Mr Musk had said that success would mean "game over" for other launch providers. Spacex's mastery of reusability 47 means its launch prices are far lower than those of its competitors. The $90m price tag of a Falcon Heavy launch is about a quarter the price of 48 the next most powerful rocket, the Delta IV Heavy, which is produced by a joint venture between 49 Lockheed Martin and Boeing - and which can haul only half as much cargo into 50 orbit. And it is a tenth of what a single launch of the SLS is expected to cost. 51
Future SpaceX rockets will be bigger still. On Monday Mr Musk hinted at the possibility of a Falcon Super Heavy, comprising 52five boosters and 45 engines. It is less clear how big the market for such beefy rockets 53 really is: the Delta IV Heavy has launched just nine times since its maiden flight in 54 2004. If the SLS were to be cancelled, though, being able to sell NASA such beasts for missions to the Moon might be a nice earner 55. 56
Domination of the rocket-launch market is, for Mr Musk, only one leg on the journey to his eventual goal: the colonization of Mars. SpaceX is already developing a gargantuan vehicle 57 called the Big Fucking Rocket (BFR), which it says will replace all of the firm's existing rockets and whose lifting power is necessary to realize Mr Musk's Martian dreams. If it does fly (and its maiden launch is penciled in for 58 the early 2020s) it will be, by far 59, the most powerful rocket ever built - yet, says Mr Musk, even cheaper than a Falcon 9. Hubris? Perhaps. But Mr Musk has confounded his critics 60 time and again 61. After all, when SpaceX was founded in 2002, few would have predicted it successfully using the world's most powerful rocket to send an electric sports car piloted by 62 an artificial astronaut out into the solar system. 63
- mighty ; [형용사] (might・ier , mighti・est) 1. (특히 문예체) 강력한, 힘센 ;; 2. 장대한, 웅장한 [본문으로]
- make use of ; [동사] …을 이용하다; …로 덕보다. ;; 동의어 ; employ; benefit from. [본문으로]
- take off from ; …에서 이륙하다. [본문으로]
- thrust ; 1. [sing.] the thrust (주장・정책 등의) 요지[취지] ;; 2. [C] 찌르기 ;; 3. [U] (전문 용어) 추진력 [본문으로]
- bygone ; [형용사] (명사 앞에만 씀) 지나간, 옛날의 [본문으로]
- maiden voyage ; 처녀 항해; 대형선 또는 소형선의 최초의 항해 [본문으로]
- spectacularly ; [부사] 구경거리로, 볼 만하게 [본문으로]
- prospect ; 1. [U , sing.] ~ (of sth/of doing sth) | ~ (that…) (어떤 일이 있을) 가망[가능성] [본문으로]
- entice ; ~ sb (into doing sth) (보통 무엇을 제공하며) 유도[유인]하다] [본문으로]
- spectator ; ((fem. -tress[-tris])) 구경꾼, 관객; 방관자, 목격자 [본문으로]
- heyday ; [the ~, one’s ~] 한창(때), 전성기, 절정(prime) ((of)) [본문으로]
- webcast ; [명사] 웹캐스트, 인터넷 생방송 [본문으로]
- assembled ; [형용사] 모인, 집합된, 결집한 [본문으로]
- spectator ; 구경꾼, 관객, 관람자, 방관자(beholder, onlooker)(cf. audience). [본문으로]
- balletic ; (격식 호감) 발레리나처럼 우아한 ;; 미국∙영국 [bӕ|letɪk] [본문으로]
- prowess ; [U] 1. 용기, 무용; [C]용감한 행위. ;; 2. (…의/…에서의) 뛰어난 솜씨[능력], 위업[as / at, in]. ;; 미국∙영국 [|praʊəs] [본문으로]
- component ; (구성) 요소, 부품 [본문으로]
- payload ; (전문 용어) 1. 삯짐, 유상하중(배나 비행기의 유료 승객과 화물) ;; 2. (트럭 등의) 탑재 화물[탑재량] ;; 3. (폭탄・미사일의) 폭발력 ;; 4. (우주선・인공위성의) 탑재 장비 [본문으로]
- in orbit ; 1. 궤도로[에 들어서서] [본문으로]
- pioneer ; 1. 〔미개지·신분야 따위〕를 개척하다. ;; 2. …을 선도하다, 지도하다; …을 제창하다. [본문으로]
- be made up of ; ~로 구성되다 [본문으로]
- strap ; (-pp-), [vn] 1. [자,타동사][+ adv. / prep.] 끈[줄/띠]으로 묶다 [본문으로]
- at once ; 1. 즉시[당장/지체 없이] ;; 2. 동시에[한꺼번에] [본문으로]
- roar off ; 엄청난 소리를 내다, 굉음을 내다 [본문으로]
- stone's throw ; [a ~] 돌을 던지면 닿을 만한 거리 ((50-150 야드)), 근거리 ;; 아주 가까운 거리 [본문으로]
- synchronize ; [자동사] 1. (…과) 때를 같이하다(be simultaneous), 동시에 일어나다(recur together)(with). ;; 2. (몇 개의 시계가) 표준시[일정 시간]를 가리키다, 같은 시간을 가리키다(keep the same time). ;; 3. (영화) 영상과 발성·음향이 일치하다. ;; [타동사] 1. 때를 같게 하다, …에 동시성을 갖게 하다. ;; 2. (역사 따위에서) 동시[동시대]임을 나타내다. ;; 3. (어떤 시계 따위에) 시간을 맞추다. ;; 4. [영화] (영상과 발성·음향 따위를) 일치시키다 ; [사진] (플래시의 발광과 셔터의 열림을) 시간을 일치시키다. [본문으로]
- central ; 1. 중심되는, 가장 중요한 ;; 3. (지역・사물의) 중심[중앙]인 [본문으로]
- out to sea ; (육지에서) 먼 바다 속으로[난바다로] [본문으로]
- otherwise ; [형용사] 2. [[A]] 그렇지 않았더라면 …인[일지도 모르는] ;; 부사로 뿐만 아니라 형용사로도 활용하는 것을 확인 [본문으로]
- a nice bit (of) ; (구어) 상당한[많은, 충분한] 양(의) [본문으로]
- cross-promotion ; [C , U] (상업) (두 가지 다른 상품들이나 두 회사 사이의) 상호 촉진 광고[활동] [본문으로]
- fly ; 2. (물체가 바람으로) 공중을 날다(over, by), 날리다, 날아오르다; (깃발·옷 따위가) 펄럭이다(flutter); (머리카락 따위가) 나부끼다(away); (구름·연 따위가) 공중에 뜨다; (불꽃 따위가) 튀다; (탄환·화살·공 따위가) 날다[to, toward]. [본문으로]
- model ; 3. CREATE COPY | [타동사][VN] 모형[견본]을 만들다 ;; 4. CLAY, etc. | [타동사][VN] (조각품 등의 형체를) 만들다[빚다] [본문으로]
- orbit ; [타동사] 1. …의 주위를 궤도를 그리며 돌다, 선회하다. ;; 2. 〔인공 위성 따위〕를 궤도에 올려놓다. ;; [자동사] 1. 궤도를 돌다, 궤도에 오르다. ;; 2. (항공기가) 선회 비행하다. [본문으로]
- fire ; 6. OF ENGINE | [자동사][V] (엔진이) 발화[점화]되다 [본문으로]
- publicity ; [U] 1. 널리 알려짐, 주지(周知), 공표; 명성, 평판 ;; 2. 광고, 선전, 홍보 [본문으로]
- vindication ; 1. [UC] (명예·요구 등의) 옹호, 변호, 지지 ;; 2. [UC] 입증; (비난 등에 대한) 변명, 해명; 정당성 [본문으로]
- modular ; 2. (기계・건물 등이) 모듈식의(규격화된 부품을 조립하여 만들 수 있는) [본문으로]
- reusable ; [형용사] 재사용할 수 있는 [본문으로]
- spacecraft ; 우주 비행기(spaceship). [본문으로]
- in turn ; 2. 결국[결과적으로] [본문으로]
- in stark contrast to ; ~와 극명히 대조되는 [본문으로]
- unveil ; 2. (새로운 계획・상품 등을) 발표하다 ;; 3. 나타내 보이다, 발표하다 [본문으로]
- geosynchronous orbit ; (항공우주) 지구정지궤도 ;; 동의어 ; geostationary orbit [본문으로]
- by[in] contrast ; 1. (《앞 문장을 받아》) 그에 반해서, 그와 대조적으로 [본문으로]
- be left over (from sth) ; (필요한 것을 쓰고 난 뒤) 남다 ;; 참고 ; leftover [본문으로]
- mastery ; 1. [U , sing.] ~ (of sth) 숙달, 통달 ;; 2. 숙달, 정통; [C] 전문적 지식[기술] ;; 3. 승리, 정복; 우월, 우세; 우승 ((over, of)) [본문으로]
- reusability ; 재사용성, 재활용성 [본문으로]
- a quarter (of) the price ; 그 값의 1/4. [본문으로]
- joint venture ; 공동 사업(체); 합작 (사업), 합작 회사 [본문으로]
- haul ; (hauls[-z]) 1. …을 (세게) 끌어당기다, 잡아끌다, 끌어들이다(in, out, up). ;; 동의어 DRAW ;; 2. …을 운반하다, 차로 나르다. [본문으로]
- hint at ; …을 암시하다. ;; to suggest in an indirect way that something is true or likely [본문으로]
- comprise ; comprise ; [vn], [진행형으로는 쓰이지 않음] 1. be comprised of …으로 구성되다[이뤄지다] ;; 2. 구성하다, 차지하다 [본문으로]
- beefy ; 쇠고기의[같은]; 살집이 좋은, 뚱뚱한; 근육이 우람한; 둔중한; 무거운. [본문으로]
- maiden flight ; [명사] (항공우주공학) 처녀 비행(處女飛行) [본문으로]
- earner ; 1. (직장을 다녀) 돈을 버는 사람, 소득자 ;; 참고 wage earner ;; 2. 소득원 [본문으로]
- eventual ; [명사 앞에만 씀] 궁극[최종]적인 [본문으로]
- gargantuan ; [주로 명사 앞에 씀] 엄청난 ;; 미국식 [gɑ:r|gӕntʃuən] 영국식 [gɑ:|gӕntʃuən] [본문으로]
- pencil ; [타동사][VN] (-ll- , 美 -l-) 연필로 쓰다[그리다/표하다] [본문으로]
- by far ; (비교급·최상급 형용사·부사와 함께 쓰여) 훨씬; 단연코 ;; by a very great amount; much [본문으로]
- confound ; [vn], (격식) 1. 어리둥절[당혹]하게 만들다 ;; 2. …이 틀렸음을 입증하다 ;; 3. (구식) (적을) 물리치다 [본문으로]
- time and (time) again ; 몇번이고, 되풀이해서(again and again) ;; time after time ; frequently [본문으로]
- pilot ; 1-b. <비행기·우주선 등을> 조종하다 [본문으로]
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