[Annotated] Students lead a vast protest against gun violence

A rally in^[각주:1] Washington, DC organized by the student-survivors of a shooting in Florida, was one of several hundred around the world

On March 24th, less than 40 days after a mass shooting at^[각주:2] Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Florida, hundreds of thousands gathered near Capitol Hill in Washington, DC to protest against^[각주:3] America's lax^[각주:4] gun laws^[각주:5] and implore Congress^[각주:6] and President Donald Trump to fix them. The vast crowd^[각주:7] - which included toddlers^[각주:8] perched upon shoulders^[각주:9], students, teachers and parents - thronged down Pennsylvania Avenue^[각주:10], block after block. Many carried signs denigrating^[각주:11] the National Rifle Association (NRA)^[각주:12] and chanted a modern version of^[각주:13] an old protest slogan: "Hey, hey, NRA, how many kids did you kill today?"

Thanks to the impressive efforts of the eloquent survivors of^[각주:14] the Parkland shooting, the media have not yet moved on from the tragedy. Parallel marches^[각주:15] took place in 800 locations across the world. Whether the students' new movement will bring serious policy change^[각주:16] remains unclear. The Parkland survivors have banded together^[각주:17] under the banner of #NeverAgain. Yet it has already happened again. On March 20th, a 17-year-old pupil^[각주:18], armed with a semi-automatic^[각주:19] handgun taken from^[각주:20] his father, fatally^[각주:21] shot a classmate in Great Mills High School in Maryland. 

Mass shooting horrors have^[각주:22] repeatedly failed to move American lawmakers^[각주:23]. There was a reminder of^[각주:24] this in the presence, at the March for Out Lives on March 24th, of^[각주:25] various delegations from^[각주:26] past mass shootings^[각주:27]. There were groups from Virginia Tech, where 32 people were massacred^[각주:28] more than a decade ago; from Newtown, Connecticut, where 20 children were murdered at Sandy Hook Elementary School; from Orlando, where 49 were killed in a nightclub; and from Las Vegas, where 58 were shot dead while attending an open-air concert^[각주:29]. But despite the seemingly^[각주:30] long odds of^[각주:31] meaningful reform, most attendees^[각주:32] seemed hopeful that this time would be different. There have been small signs of progress. Rick Scott, Florida's Republican governor, has already signed a bill into law which^[각주:33] would raise the minimum age to^[각주:34] buy a gun to 21 and institute^[각주:35] a three-day waiting period^[각주:36]. It would also, controversially^[각주:37], provide funds to arm teachers^[각주:38]. ("Our daughter is a teacher, not Annie Oakley," read one sign at the Washington rally.)

The NRA is not backing down^[각주:39]. In late February, Wayne LaPierre, its boss, gave a frenzied speech warning of^[각주:40] "these new European-style socialists bearing down upon us^[각주:41]". The group has filed a lawsuit^[각주:42] challenging the constitutionality of^[각주:43] the Florida law. And while it seemed that Mr Trump would at first break with his party^[각주:44] and try to push federal gun-control laws^[각주:45], his zeal faded fast after rebukes from^[각주:46] Republican congressmen and a talking-to from^[각주:47] the NRA in the Oval Office. 

"This should have ended after Columbine," said Jordan Phelps, a local high-schooler^[각주:48], as she marched in Washington, DC. "But our generation is going to start cramming^[각주:49] the ballot boxes^[각주:50] and voting them out^[각주:51]." That appeared to be the solution that the organizers had decided upon^[각주:52]: everywhere, there were volunteers holding out^[각주:53] voter registration cards^[각주:54]. Speakers repeatedly exhorted the crowd to vote^[각주:55] in the upcoming^[각주:56] mid-term elections^[각주:57]. Cameron Kasky, one of the teenage survivors of the Parkland shooting, was one of them. "To the leaders. sceptics and cynics^[각주:58] who told us to sit down, stay silent and wait your turn: Welcome to the revolution" he said. "Either represent the people or get out. Stand for us or beware^[각주:59]. The voters are coming." 

I think something will finally change," said a high-school English teacher from Ohio who is planning a walkout on^[각주:60] April 20th - the 19th anniversary of the mass shooting at Columbine High School. There have been 193 school shootings since then, according to a comprehensive tally by^[각주:61] the Washington Post, when have killed 130 people and injured 254. More than 187,000 students have been in a school where a shooting took place. 

Students who survived school shootings - from Parkland, Florida, and Newtown, Connecticut - spoke alongside those from places where gun violence was part of everyday life - from Chicago's South Side to south Los Angeles. Naomi Wadler, an 11-year-old girl from Alexandria, Virginia, spoke powerfully for "the African-American women who are victims of gun violence, who are simply statistics^[각주:62] instead of vibrant^[각주:63], beautiful girls full of potential". But perhaps the most emotional moment came when Emma Gonzalez began listing the things her dead classmates from Stoneman Douglas would never do again. Then she stopped, and stood silently for several minutes, staring ahead, with tears streaming down her face. A timer sounded after six minutes - the exact time it had taken for the gunman^[각주:64], armed with a semi-automatic rifle, to end 17 lives. 

1. rally ; 1. [C] (특히 어떤 생각・정당을 지지하기 위한 대규모) 집회[대회] ;; 참고 ; pep rally [본문으로]
2. mass shooting ; 총기난사 ;; (crime) The shooting of multiple people over a short period of time. [본문으로]
3. protest against ; …에 대해서 항의하다. [본문으로]
4. lax ; [형용사] 1. (못마땅함) (일・규칙・기준 등에 대해) 느슨한[해이한] [본문으로]
5. gun law ; 총기 (소지) 단속법 [본문으로]
6. implore ; (implores[-z]; implored; -plor·ing) …을[에게] 애원[탄원]하다, 간청하다[for, to do, that(節)]. ;; 동의어 ; BEG [본문으로]
7. vast ; (범위・크기・양 등이) 어마어마한[방대한/막대한] [본문으로]
8. toddler ; (유아처럼) 아장아장 걷는 사람, 아장아장 걷는[걸음을 시작한] 유아 ; 빈들빈들 거니는 사람. [본문으로]
9. perch ; 2. ~ (sb/yourself) (on sth) (비격식) (특히 무엇의 끝에) 걸터앉다[앉히다] [본문으로]
10. throng ; [타동사] 1. …에 모여들다, 쇄도하다, 밀어 닥치다; <거리 등에> 모여들게 하다 ;; 2. 가득 메우다 ;; [자동사] 떼를 지어 모이다, 우글거리다; 떼지어 이동하다, 밀어 닥치다 [본문으로]
11. denigrate ; [타동사][VN] (격식) 폄하하다 ;; 미국∙영국 [|denɪgreɪt] [본문으로]
12. National Rifle Association ; [명사] 전미(全美) 총포 협회(총기 규제 반대 운동 주도; NRA). [본문으로]
13. chant ; 1. 구호[성가]를 (거듭) 외치다[부르다], 연호하다 [본문으로]
14. eloquent ; 1. 웅변[연설]을 잘 하는, 유창한 [본문으로]
15. parallel ; 2. <목적·경향 등이> 서로 같은; 같은 방향의; 같은 종류의, 비슷한 [본문으로]
16. policy change ; [명사] 정책 변경 [본문으로]
17. band together ; (무엇을 달성하기 위해) 함께 뭉치다[무리를 이루다] [본문으로]
18. pupil ; 1. (특히 英 구식이 되어감) (특히 어린) 학생 [본문으로]
19. semi-automatic ; [형용사] 총이 반자동의 [본문으로]
20. handgun ; [명사] 권총 [본문으로]
21. fatally ; [부사] 치명적으로, 비참하게; 숙명적으로, 필연적으로, 불운하게도 [본문으로]
22. horror ; 4. [C] [주로 복수로] 참혹한 경험 [본문으로]
23. lawmaker ; [명사] 입법자 [본문으로]
24. reminder ; 1. ~ (of sb/sth) | ~ (that…) (이미 잊었거나 잊고 싶은 것을) 상기시키는[생각나게 하는] 것 [본문으로]
25. in the presence of sb or sth ; ~가 있는 데서, ~이 있을 때에는 ;; 동의어 ; in somebody’s presence [본문으로]
26. delegation ; 1. [C+sing./pl. v.] (조직・국가 등의 의사를 대표하는) 대표단 [본문으로]
27. past ; 1. 지나간(시간상으로 과거에 해당하는) ;; 2. [명사 앞에만 씀] (얼마 전인) 지난, 최근의 ;; 3. [명사 앞에만 씀] 이전의 [본문으로]
28. massacre ; 1. <많은 사람·동물 등을> 학살하다 ;; 동의어 kill ;; 2. <규칙·법 등을> 무시하다, 짓밟다 ;; 3. 압승하다, 완패시키다 [본문으로]
29. open-air ; [형용사] 1. 옥외의, 야외의, 노천의 ;; 2. PLEIN AIR [본문으로]
30. seemingly ; 1. 겉으로는, 표면[외관]상(은) [본문으로]
31. odds ; [pl.], (참고: stacked) 1. 보통 the odds (어떤 일이 있을) 공산[가능성] ;; 2. 역경, 곤란 [본문으로]
32. attendee ; 출석자, 참석자 ;; 미국∙영국 [|ӕten|di:] [본문으로]
33. sign a bill into law ; 법안에 서명하여 법으로 만들다. [본문으로]
34. minimum age ; 최저 연령 [본문으로]
35. institute ; [타동사][VN] (격식) (제도・정책 등을) 도입하다; (절차를) 시작하다 [본문으로]
36. waiting period ; (결혼식 전의) 대기 기간; 보험금 지급 대기 기간; (노동 쟁의의) 냉각 기간 ;; 대기 시간. [본문으로]
37. controversially ; [부사] 논쟁적으로. [본문으로]
38. arm ;; 1. ~ yourself/sb (with sth) (스스로) 무장하다; (~를) 무장시키다 ;; 참고 ; armed [본문으로]
39. back down (on/from something) (美 또한 back off) ;; (주장 등을) 굽히다; 패배를 인정하다 ;; 퇴각하다, 후퇴하다, 양보하다, 철회하다, 포기하다(from). ;; 동의어 ; withdraw, give in. [본문으로]
40. frenzied ; 광적인, 미쳐 날뛰는; 흥분한, 열광한. (또는 phrensied) frenzied·ly 부사 [본문으로]
41. bear down on[upon] sb/sth ; 1. (특히 英) ~을 향해 돌진하다 ;; 2. (특히 美) ~을 누르다 ;; bear down ; 1. (전투·토론 따위에서)[상대방]을 패배시키다, 압도하다 ;; 2. 전력을 다하다, 한층 더 노력하다 [본문으로]
42. file a lawsuit (against) ; 소송을 제기하다 [본문으로]
43. constitutionality ; [U] 입헌성; 합헌[합법]성(legality) [본문으로]
44. break with ; [동사] 관계를 끊다, 절교하다; 그만두다, 거부하다. ;; 동의어 ; depart from, separate from; escape; repudiate, renounce. [본문으로]
45. gun-control ; [U] (특히 美) 총기 규제법 [본문으로]
46. rebuke ; [명사] 견책, 징계, 비난(reprimand, reproof, censure). [본문으로]
47. talking-to ; (pl. talking-tos, talkings-) [구어] 꾸중, 잔소리 (scolding, rebuke)(cf. talk to) [본문으로]
48. high schooler ; 고등학교 학생 [본문으로]
49. cram ; (-mm-) 1. ~ (sth) into/onto sth | ~ (sth) in (좁은 공간 속으로 억지로) 밀어[쑤셔] 넣다; (좁은 공간 속으로) 잔뜩 들어가다 [본문으로]
50. ballot box ; 1. [C] 투표함 ;; 2. [sing.] the ballot box (비밀) 투표 제도 [본문으로]
51. vote sb out ; 투표로 ~를 (~에서) 물러나게 하다[몰아내다] ;; 동의어 ; vote somebody out of/off something [본문으로]
52. decide on/upon ; (여러 가지 가능성 가운데) ~으로 결정하다 [본문으로]
53. hold out ; 1. (특히 어려운 상황에서) 지속되다[없어지지 않다] ;; 2. (어려운 상황에서) 저항하다[버티다] [본문으로]
54. voter registration card ; 유권자 등록 카드 [본문으로]
55. exhort ; 1. …에게 열심히 이야기하다[권하다](urge earnestly, encourage). ;; 2. 권고하다, 훈계하다(advise, admonish), 계고(戒告)하다, 경고하다(warn, caution). [본문으로]
56. upcoming ; [형용사] (명사 앞에만 씀) (특히 美) 다가오는, 곧 있을 [본문으로]
57. mid-term election ; (선거) 중간선거(中間選擧) ;; Midterm elections in the United States are the general elections held near the midpoint of a president's four-year term of office. Often held in the month of November. [본문으로]
58. cynic ; 1. 냉소가[조소가](이기심만이 인간이 하는 모든 행동의 동기라 믿고 순수한 이타적 행위 같은 것은 없다고 보는 사람) ;; 2. 부정적인 사람(중요하거나 좋은 일은 일어나지 않는다고 보는 사람) ;; 미국∙영국 [|sɪnɪk] [본문으로]
59. beware ; (bewares[-z]; bewared; -war·ing) 조심하다, 경계하다, 주의하다, (…하지 않도록) 정신을 차리다[of, that(節), what(節), lest(節)](*현재는 명령법·부정사로서, 또는 조동사 뒤에 쓰일 뿐이며, 어형 변화를 하지 않는다). ;; 미국식 [bɪ|wer] 영국식 [bɪ|weə(r)] [본문으로]
60. walkout ; 1. [美구어] (노동자의) 동맹 파업(strike). ;; 2. [美구어] (항의 표시로 하는) 퇴장, 불참. [본문으로]
61. tally ; (pl. -ies) (특히 총계・총액을 계속 누적해 나가는) 기록 ;; 미국∙영국 [|tӕli] [본문으로]
62. statistics ; pl. 1. [복수 취급] 통계, 통계표, 통계 자료 ;; 2. [단수 취급] 통계학 [본문으로]
63. vibrant ; 1. 활기찬, 생기가 넘치는 [본문으로]
64. gunman ; (pl. -men[-mən]) 1. 총기 휴대자, 무장 경비원; [주로 미·속어] 권총을 찬 악한[갱], 총잡이; 사격의 명수 ;; 2. 총포공(工)(gunsmith) [본문으로]